custom

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English

Etymology

PIE word
*ḱóm
PIE word
*swé

From Middle English custume, borrowed from Anglo-Norman custume, inherited from Latin consuētūdinem, a noun derived from cōnsuēscō, from con- (with) + suēscō (become used or accustomed to). Doublet of costume and consuetude.

The adjectival form first appears c. 1830.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʌstəm/
  • Audio (US):(file)

Noun

custom (countable and uncountable, plural customs)

  1. Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
    Much forbidden by elder custom is accepted today.
  2. (dated outside UK) Habitual buying of goods from one same vendor.
    • 1710 September 28, Joseph Addison, The Whig Examiner, number 3:
      Let him have your custom, but not your votes.
    1. (collectively) The habitual patrons (i.e. customers) of a business; business support.
  3. (law) Long-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent. Compare prescription.
    Synonym: usage
    • 1888, Francis Wharton, A Commentary on the Law of Evidence in Civil Issues, 3rd edition, volume 2, page 188:
      The distinction between custom and usage it that usage is a fact and custom is a law. There can be usage without custom, but not custom without usage.
  4. Traditional beliefs or rituals.
    The Ancient Egyptian culture had many distinctive and interesting beliefs and customs; one custom was the mummification of the dead.
  5. A custom (made-to-order) piece of art, etc.
    • 2019 May 31, Abella Art & Design, tweet:
      The rest of the necklace holders finally came in! If you bought a custom from me thank you so much for your patience! I’m gonna try my best to crank them out as fast as possible
    • 2020 July 28, “Paying for porn: How much is appropriate?”, in Slate Magazine:
      Oftentimes I have trouble finding enough women to buy customs from. Strangely enough, finding women to take hundreds of dollars for a selfie isn’t as easy as you’d think.
  6. (obsolete) Familiar acquaintance; familiarity.
  7. (archaic, uncountable) Toll, tax, or tribute.
    • 1769, Bible, Authorised King James Version, Oxford standard text, Romans, xiii, 7:
      Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.

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Translations

Adjective

custom (not comparable)

  1. Made or done in a way adjusted to fit the needs of a particular person or group (e.g., customer, health care patient, do-it-yourselfer), and thus specialized and, in some cases, unique.
    Synonym: bespoke (chiefly Commonwealth)
    Near-synonyms: custom-made, tailored, tailor-made, custom-built, purpose-built; see also Thesaurus:custom-made
    My feet are very large, so I need custom shoes, specially made by a custom tailor.
  2. Own, personal, not standard or premade.
    We can embroider a wide range of ready designs or a custom logo.
  3. (archaic) Accustomed; usual.

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See also

Verb

custom (third-person singular simple present customs, present participle customing, simple past and past participle customed)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To make familiar; to accustom.
    • a. 1771 (written, published posthumously) Thomas Gray, Agrippina
      Have not forgot your sire; the eye of Rome
      And the Prætorian camp have long revered,
      With customed awe the daughter, sister, wife,
      And mother of their Cæsars
  2. (transitive, obsolete) To supply with customers.
  3. (transitive, obsolete) To pay the customs of.
  4. (intransitive, obsolete) To have a custom.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. , part II (books IV–VI), London: ">…] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 7, page 198:
      For on a Bridge he cuſtometh to fight, / Which is but narrow, but exceeding long; / And in the ſame are many trap fals pight, / Through which the rider downe doth fall through ouerſight.

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Further reading