spiritus

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See also: Spiritus

English

Etymology

From Latin spīritus. Doublet of spirit, sprite, and esprit.

Noun

spiritus (plural spirituses or spiritus)

  1. A breathing.
  2. An aspirate.
  3. Any spirituous preparation.
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Related terms

Czech

Etymology

Derived from Latin spīritus, from or related to spīrō.

Pronunciation

Noun

spiritus m inan

  1. ethanol

Declension

Declension of spiritus (hard masculine inanimate foreign)
singular plural
nominative spiritus spirity
genitive spiritu spiritů
dative spiritu spiritům
accusative spiritus spirity
vocative spirite spirity
locative spiritu spiritech
instrumental spiritem spirity

Related terms

Further reading

  • spiritus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • spiritus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • spiritus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Dutch

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Etymology

From Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Noun

spiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n) (in sense 2)

  1. methylated spirit
    Synonym: brandspiritus
  2. (orthography) A kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis.

Descendants

  • → Indonesian: spiritus (“methylated spirit”)
  • → Papiamentu: spíritùs

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch spiritus, from Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”). Doublet of spirit.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Hyphenation: spi‧ri‧tus

Noun

spiritus (plural spiritus-spiritus, first-person possessive spiritusku, second-person possessive spiritusmu, third-person possessive spiritusnya)

  1. methylated spirit.

Alternative forms

Related terms

Further reading

Latin

Etymology

From spīrō (“I breathe; I blow, exhale, emit; I respire; I live; I am inspired; I show, express”) +‎ -tus.

Pronunciation

Noun

spīritus m (genitive spīritūs); fourth declension

  1. air, breath, breathing
    Synonyms: spīrātiō, anima
    • 1833, Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, page 595:
      Spīritūs sunt duo dasia et psile.
      There are two breathings : rough and smooth.
  2. light breeze
  3. spirit, ghost
  4. mind
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.29.11:
      tōtum spīritum suum prōfert stultus sapiēns differt et reservat in posterum
      A fool uttereth all his mind: a wise man deferreth, and keepeth it till afterwards. (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)
  5. energy; courage
    Synonyms: virtūs, fortitūdō, fīdūcia, animus
  6. pride, haughtiness, arrogance
    Synonyms: superbia, arrogantia

Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative spīritus spīritūs
Genitive spīritūs spīrituum
Dative spīrituī spīritibus
Accusative spīritum spīritūs
Ablative spīritū spīritibus
Vocative spīritus spīritūs

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants


References

Further reading

  • “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • spiritus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • spiritus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1468.
  • spiritus in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2764
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    • to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
    • to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
    • to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
    • inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
    • to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
    • to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
    • patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
    • to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
    • to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)
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