ĉi

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Esperanto

Alternative forms

  • chi (H-system spelling)
  • cxi (X-system spelling)

Etymology

Proximal pronouns in French (ce, ici, ci) and Italian (ci), all ultimately from Vulgar Latin *ecce hīc (here).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ĉi

Particle

ĉi

  1. here (adverbial particle of proximity)
    ĉi combines with demonstrative correlatives to indicate that the referrent is somehow near the speaker:
    • ĉi tiu / tiu ĉi: "this one/person"
    • ĉi tio / tio ĉi: "this thing"
    • ĉi tia / tia ĉi: "this kind of"
    • ĉi ties / ties ĉi: "belonging to these people"
    • ĉi tiel / tiel ĉi: "this standard manner or degree"
    • ĉi tie / tie ĉi: "here"
    • ĉi tiam / tiam ĉi: "then just past or very soon"
    • ĉi tiom / tiom ĉi: "this much of a typical quantity"
    • ĉi tial / tial ĉi: "for this common reason"
  2. just mentioned, the latter
    • 1910, Ivy Kellerman, A Complete Grammar of Esperanto, D. C. Heath and Company, Lesson XIV:
      Gertrude kaj Mario estas en la parko. Tiu rigardas la florojn, ĉi tiu kolektas ilin.
      Gertrude and Mary are in the park. The former (that one) looks at the flowers, the latter (this one) gathers them.
  3. (as prefix of adjective or adverb) (usually hyphenated) here, this
    ĉi-jara (of this year)
    ĉi-sube (below this, below here)

Derived terms