τόπος
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
Seemingly an inherited term, though the broad semantic range of the word makes ascertaining further origin and cognates difficult:[1]
- If from Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s:
- From Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”). The sense development would be "to smear" > "stain, spot" > "spot, place"; for a semantic parallel, compare English spot, German Flecken (“village”). This derivation appears to be favored by Beekes.
- Per Meier-Brugger, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”), with sense development "hot place, hearth" > "any place".
- If from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s:
- From Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). This is semantically difficult.
Others (though surprisingly, not Beekes) have suggested Pre-Greek origin; note similarities to Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”) (compare darkë (“supper, feast”) vs. δόρπον (dórpon, “supper, dinner; evening”), bajgë (“dung”) vs. βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), etc.), with a potential proto-form *tò-kʷV- or *tòw-kʷV-. See also Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan), (tagnās). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tó.pos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈto.pos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈto.pos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈto.pos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈto.pos/
Noun
τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ τόπος ho tópos |
τὼ τόπω tṑ tópō |
οἱ τόποι hoi tópoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ τόπου toû tópou |
τοῖν τόποιν toîn tópoin |
τῶν τόπων tôn tópōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ τόπῳ tôi tópōi |
τοῖν τόποιν toîn tópoin |
τοῖς τόποις toîs tópois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν τόπον tòn tópon |
τὼ τόπω tṑ tópō |
τοὺς τόπους toùs tópous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | τόπε tópe |
τόπω tópō |
τόποι tópoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀτοπία (atopía)
- ἄτοπος (átopos)
- ἐκτοπίζω (ektopízō)
- ἐκτοπισμός (ektopismós)
- ἔκτοπος (éktopos)
- ἐντοπίζω (entopízō)
- ἐντόπιος (entópios)
- ἔντοπος (éntopos)
- τοπάζω (topázō)
- τοπίζω (topízō)
- τοπικός (topikós)
- τοπογραφέω (topographéō)
- τοπογραφία (topographía)
- τοπόγραφος (topógraphos)
- τοποθεσία (topothesía)
- τοπομαχέω (topomakhéō)
Descendants
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τόπος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1494
Further reading
- “τόπος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τόπος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- τόπος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G5117 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek
Etymology
Inherited from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos). The mathematical sense, a semantic loan from New Latin locus.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι)
- place, location, locality
- space, room (occupied by something)
- soil, land
- (mathematics) locus (set of points)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | τόπος (tópos) | τόποι (tópoi) |
| genitive | τόπου (tópou) | τόπων (tópon) |
| accusative | τόπο (tópo) | τόπους (tópous) |
| vocative | τόπε (tópe) | τόποι (tópoi) |
Derived terms
- κατά τόπους (katá tópous)
- κοινός τόπος m (koinós tópos, “commonplace”)
Related terms
for example:
- αγριότοπος m (agriótopos, “wild country, wilderness”)
- τοπογράφος m (topográfos, “topographer”)
- τοποθεσία f (topothesía, “position, place”)
- τοποθετώ (topothetó, “to position”)
- τοπωνύμιο n (toponýmio, “toponym, placename”) / τοπωνυμία f (toponymía)
References
- ^ τόπος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Further reading
τόπος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
