хлеб

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See also: хљеб

Belarusian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

хлеб • (xljeb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлябы́, genitive plural хлябо́ў)

  1. bread, loaf

Declension

Declension of хлеб (inan hard masc-form accent-c)
singular plural
nominative хлеб
xljeb 		хлябы́
xljabý
genitive хле́ба
xljéba 		хлябо́ў
xljabóŭ
dative хле́бу
xljébu 		хляба́м
xljabám
accusative хлеб
xljeb 		хлябы́
xljabý
instrumental хле́бам
xljébam 		хляба́мі
xljabámi
locative хле́бе
xljébje 		хляба́х
xljabáx
count form — хле́бы1
xljéby1

1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

References

  • “хлеб” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs) (Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz), of unknown origin.

Pronunciation

Noun

хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хле́бы, genitive plural хле́бов, relational adjective хле́бный, diminutive хле́бушек or хле́бец)

  1. bread
  2. loaf
  3. (Saint Petersburg) black bread, rye bread
    Antonym: (Saint Petersburg) бу́лка (búlka)

Declension

Declension of хлеб (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative хле́б
xléb 		хле́бы
xléby
genitive хле́ба
xléba 		хле́бов
xlébov
dative хле́бу
xlébu 		хле́бам
xlébam
accusative хле́б
xléb 		хле́бы
xléby
instrumental хле́бом
xlébom 		хле́бами
xlébami
prepositional хле́бе
xlébe 		хле́бах
xlébax

Descendants

  • → Ainu: ヘリェバ
  • → English: khleb
  • → Korean: (Russia) 할례쁘 (hallyeppeu)
  • → Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā) > 大列巴 (dàlièbā) (Northeastern Mandarin)
  • → Russenorsk: klæba

Noun

хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлеба́, genitive plural хлебо́в, relational adjective хле́бный)

  1. (usually in the plural) grain
    ве́тер колы́шет хлеба́ ― véter kolýšet xlebá ― the grain sways in the wind
  2. (figurative) food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)
    Раньше мы зарабатывали на хлеб, продавая яблоки. ― Ranʹše my zarabatyvali na xleb, prodavaja jabloki. ― We used to make a living by selling apples.
    фотогра́фия — мой хлеб ― fotográfija — moj xleb ― photography is my living

Declension

Declension of хлеб (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c irreg) 
singular plural
nominative хле́б
xléb 		хлеба́△
xlebá△
genitive хле́ба
xléba 		хлебо́в
xlebóv
dative хле́бу
xlébu 		хлеба́м
xlebám
accusative хле́б
xléb 		хлеба́△
xlebá△
instrumental хле́бом
xlébom 		хлеба́ми
xlebámi
prepositional хле́бе
xlébe 		хлеба́х
xlebáx

△ Irregular.

References

  • Isačenko, A. V. (1954‒1965) Грамматический строй русского языка в сопоставлении с словацким: Морфология: I‒II [Grammatical Structure of the Russian Language in Comparison to Slovak. Morphology. Pr. 1 & 2] (in Russian), Bratislava: Slovak Academy of Sciences; ‎2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Сultures, 2003, →ISBN, page 78

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs).

Pronunciation

Noun

хле̏б m (Latin spelling hlȅb, diminutive хлѐпчић, relational adjective хле̏бни)

  1. bread
  2. loaf (of bread)
  3. circled shape of bread

Declension

Declension of хлеб
singular plural
nominative хле̏б хлѐбови
genitive хлеба хлебова
dative хлебу хлебовима
accusative хлеб хлебове
vocative хлебе хлебови
locative хлебу хлебовима
instrumental хлебом хлебовима
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