جال
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Arabic
Etymology 1.1
From the root ج و ل (j-w-l). Compare Hebrew גַּל (gal, “wave, tide”).
Pronunciation
Verb
جَالَ • (jāla) I (non-past يَجُولُ (yajūlu), verbal noun جَوْل (jawl) or جَوْلَة (jawla) or جَوَلَا (jawalā))
- to wander, to travel, to roam, to pass, to go around and through
- (of an idea, thought) to come to mind; to think
- مَا الَّذِي يَجُولُ فِي ذِهْنِكِ؟ ― mā llaḏī yajūlu fī ḏihniki? ― What is on your mind?
- (of an idea, thought) to come to mind; to think
Conjugation
| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
جَوْل, جَوْلَة, جَوَلَا jawl, jawla, jawalā | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
جَائِل jāʔil | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَجُول majūl | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | جُلْتُ jultu |
جُلْتَ julta |
جَالَ jāla |
جُلْتُمَا jultumā |
جَالَا jālā |
جُلْنَا julnā |
جُلْتُمْ jultum |
جَالُوا jālū | |||
| f | جُلْتِ julti |
جَالَتْ jālat |
جَالَتَا jālatā |
جُلْتُنَّ jultunna |
جُلْنَ julna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَجُولُ ʔajūlu |
تَجُولُ tajūlu |
يَجُولُ yajūlu |
تَجُولَانِ tajūlāni |
يَجُولَانِ yajūlāni |
نَجُولُ najūlu |
تَجُولُونَ tajūlūna |
يَجُولُونَ yajūlūna | |||
| f | تَجُولِينَ tajūlīna |
تَجُولُ tajūlu |
تَجُولَانِ tajūlāni |
تَجُلْنَ tajulna |
يَجُلْنَ yajulna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَجُولَ ʔajūla |
تَجُولَ tajūla |
يَجُولَ yajūla |
تَجُولَا tajūlā |
يَجُولَا yajūlā |
نَجُولَ najūla |
تَجُولُوا tajūlū |
يَجُولُوا yajūlū | |||
| f | تَجُولِي tajūlī |
تَجُولَ tajūla |
تَجُولَا tajūlā |
تَجُلْنَ tajulna |
يَجُلْنَ yajulna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَجُلْ ʔajul |
تَجُلْ tajul |
يَجُلْ yajul |
تَجُولَا tajūlā |
يَجُولَا yajūlā |
نَجُلْ najul |
تَجُولُوا tajūlū |
يَجُولُوا yajūlū | |||
| f | تَجُولِي tajūlī |
تَجُلْ tajul |
تَجُولَا tajūlā |
تَجُلْنَ tajulna |
يَجُلْنَ yajulna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | جُلْ jul |
جُولَا jūlā |
جُولُوا jūlū |
||||||||
| f | جُولِي jūlī |
جُلْنَ julna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | جِيلَ jīla |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | يُجَالُ yujālu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | يُجَالَ yujāla |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | يُجَلْ yujal |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Etymology 1.2
Pronunciation
Noun
جَال • (jāl) m (plural أَجْوَال (ʔajwāl))
Declension
Declension of noun جَال (jāl)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جَال jāl |
الْجَال al-jāl |
جَال jāl |
| Nominative | جَالٌ jālun |
الْجَالُ al-jālu |
جَالُ jālu |
| Accusative | جَالًا jālan |
الْجَالَ al-jāla |
جَالَ jāla |
| Genitive | جَالٍ jālin |
الْجَالِ al-jāli |
جَالِ jāli |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | جَالَيْن jālayn |
الْجَالَيْن al-jālayn |
جَالَيْ jālay |
| Nominative | جَالَانِ jālāni |
الْجَالَانِ al-jālāni |
جَالَا jālā |
| Accusative | جَالَيْنِ jālayni |
الْجَالَيْنِ al-jālayni |
جَالَيْ jālay |
| Genitive | جَالَيْنِ jālayni |
الْجَالَيْنِ al-jālayni |
جَالَيْ jālay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَجْوَال ʔajwāl |
الْأَجْوَال al-ʔajwāl |
أَجْوَال ʔajwāl |
| Nominative | أَجْوَالٌ ʔajwālun |
الْأَجْوَالُ al-ʔajwālu |
أَجْوَالُ ʔajwālu |
| Accusative | أَجْوَالًا ʔajwālan |
الْأَجْوَالَ al-ʔajwāla |
أَجْوَالَ ʔajwāla |
| Genitive | أَجْوَالٍ ʔajwālin |
الْأَجْوَالِ al-ʔajwāli |
أَجْوَالِ ʔajwāli |
Descendants
- Gulf Arabic: جال (jāl, “shore, beach”)
Bulgar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *yāĺ.
Noun
جال (cāl)
- (Volga Bulgar) year
Descendants
- Chuvash: ҫул (śul)
References
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Hindustani جال / जाल (jāl), from Sanskrit जाल (jāla).
Pronunciation
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Dari reading? | jāl |
Noun
Derived terms
- جَالِی (jālī)
Punjabi
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒäːɭə̆/, /d͡ʒäːlə̆/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sanskrit जाल (jāla). Compare Hindi जाल (jāl) and Urdu جال (jāl).
Noun
جاࣇ • (jāḷ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਲ or ਜਾਲ਼)
- net
- (figuratively) trap
- اوْہ آپݨے جال وِچّ ہی پَھسّ جاݨ گے۔
- oh āpṇe jāl vicc hī phass jāṇ ge.
- They will fall into their own trap.
- (literally, “They own trap in too stuck will be.”)
Declension
| Declension of جال | ||
|---|---|---|
| dir. sg. | جال (jāl) | |
| dir. pl. | جال (jāl) | |
| singular | plural | |
| direct | جال (jāl) | جال (jāl) |
| oblique | جال (jāl) | جالاں (jālāṉ) |
| vocative | جالا (jālā) | جالو (jālo) |
| ablative | جالوں (jāloṉ) | جالاں (jālāṉ) |
| locative | جالے (jāle) | جالِیں (jālīṉ) |
| instrumental | جالوں (jāloṉ) | – |
Etymology 2
Corrupted from یال.
Noun
جال • (jāl) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਲ)
- Alternative form of یال
References
- “جال”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “جال”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
Urdu
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit जाल (jāla). Cognate with Assamese জাল (zal), Punjabi ਜਾਲ਼ (jāḷ), Sinhalese දැල (dæla).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɑːl/
- Rhymes: -ɑːl
Noun
جال • (jāl) m (Hindi spelling जाल)
- net
- (figuratively) trap, snare
- (rare) web, spider web
- Synonym: جالا (jālā)
- (computing, neologism) net, network, web
Declension
| Declension of جال | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| direct | جال (jāl) | جال (jāl) | ||||||
| oblique | جال (jāl) | جالوں (jālõ) | ||||||
| vocative | جال (jāl) | جالو (jālo) | ||||||
Descendants
- → Persian:
- Dari: جَال (jāl)