کشتن

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See also: گشتن and كسبن

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian (/⁠kuštan⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *kawš- (to fight, kill), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kawš-, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (to hit, strike) with s-extension.

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? kuštan
Dari reading? kuštan
Iranian reading? koštan
Tajik reading? kuštan

Verb

Dari کشتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik куштан

کُشتَن (koštan) (present stem کُش (koš))

  1. to kill, to murder
    • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 3180:
      کو غلام ما مگر سرگشته شد / یا بدو گرگی رسید و کشته شد
      kū ğulâm-i mâ magar sargašta šud / yâ bad-ō gurg-ē rasīd u kušta šud
      Where is my slave? Perchance he has lost his way, or a wolf has overtaken him and he has been killed.
    • c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, translated by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi & Nusrat Bazaz, in The Captured Gazelle: The Poems of Ghani Kashmiri (Penguin Classics, 2013), دیوان [Divān]:
      عاشقان را جنبش مژگان چشم یار کشت.
      'âšeqân râ jonbeš-e možgân-e čašm-e yâr košt.
      The beloved’s fluttering eyelashes have slain many a lover.
  2. to put out
  3. to switch off
  4. (of emotions) to suppress
Conjugation

References

  • Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 215
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-2

Etymology 2

From Proto-Iranian *karH- (to spread out, sow, make furrows), from a conflation of two roots:

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? kištan
Dari reading? kištan
Iranian reading? keštan
Tajik reading? kištan

Verb

Dari کشتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik киштан

کِشتَن (keštan) (present stem کار (kâr))

  1. to sow
  2. to plant
  3. to cultivate
Conjugation

References

  • Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 260
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 239-41