From Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”). Cognates include Latin unguis, Old Irish ingen, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Albanian nyell, and Old English næġl (English nail).
The "onyx (gem)" sense is probably from the same source as the "nail" sense, perhaps due to the gem's nail-like white glaze, though a foreign borrowing reshaped by folk etymology is not out of the question.
ὄνῠξ • (ónŭx) m (genitive ὄνῠχος); third declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
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Nominative | ὁ ὄνῠξ ho ónŭx |
τὼ ὄνῠχε tṑ ónŭkhe |
οἱ ὄνῠχες hoi ónŭkhes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ὄνῠχος toû ónŭkhos |
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν toîn onŭ́khoin |
τῶν ὀνῠ́χων tôn onŭ́khōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ὄνῠχῐ tôi ónŭkhĭ |
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν toîn onŭ́khoin |
τοῖς ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν toîs ónŭxĭ(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ὄνῠχᾰ tòn ónŭkhă |
τὼ ὄνῠχε tṑ ónŭkhe |
τοὺς ὄνῠχᾰς toùs ónŭkhăs | ||||||||||
Vocative | ὄνῠξ ónŭx |
ὄνῠχε ónŭkhe |
ὄνῠχες ónŭkhes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὄνῠξ ónŭx |
ὄνῠχε ónŭkhe |
ὄνῠχες ónŭkhes | ||||||||||
Genitive | ὄνῠχος ónŭkhos |
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν onŭ́khoiĭn |
ὀνῠ́χων onŭ́khōn | ||||||||||
Dative | ὄνῠχῐ ónŭkhĭ |
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν onŭ́khoiĭn |
ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσῐν ónŭxĭ(n) / onŭ́khessĭ(n) / onŭ́khesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | ὄνῠχᾰ ónŭkhă |
ὄνῠχε ónŭkhe |
ὄνῠχᾰς ónŭkhăs | ||||||||||
Vocative | ὄνῠξ ónŭx |
ὄνῠχε ónŭkhe |
ὄνῠχες ónŭkhes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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