ὄνυξ

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”). Cognates include Latin unguis, Old Irish ingen, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Albanian nyell, and Old English næġl (English nail).

The "onyx (gem)" sense is probably from the same source as the "nail" sense, perhaps due to the gem's nail-like white glaze, though a foreign borrowing reshaped by folk etymology is not out of the question.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ὄνῠξ • (ónŭx) m (genitive ὄνῠχος); third declension

  1. claw, nail, hoof, talon
  2. anything which resembles a claw or nail
    1. scraping tool
    2. onyx (gem)
    3. a kind of aromatic substance

Declension

Third declension of ὁ ὄνῠξ; τοῦ ὄνῠχος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ὄνῠξ
ho ónŭx 		τὼ ὄνῠχε
tṑ ónŭkhe 		οἱ ὄνῠχες
hoi ónŭkhes
Genitive τοῦ ὄνῠχος
toû ónŭkhos 		τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν
toîn onŭ́khoin 		τῶν ὀνῠ́χων
tôn onŭ́khōn
Dative τῷ ὄνῠχῐ
tōî ónŭkhĭ 		τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν
toîn onŭ́khoin 		τοῖς ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν
toîs ónŭxĭ(n)
Accusative τὸν ὄνῠχᾰ
tòn ónŭkhă 		τὼ ὄνῠχε
tṑ ónŭkhe 		τοὺς ὄνῠχᾰς
toùs ónŭkhăs
Vocative ὄνῠξ
ónŭx 		ὄνῠχε
ónŭkhe 		ὄνῠχες
ónŭkhes
Notes:
Third declension of ὄνῠξ; ὄνῠχος (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὄνῠξ
ónŭx 		ὄνῠχε
ónŭkhe 		ὄνῠχες
ónŭkhes
Genitive ὄνῠχος
ónŭkhos 		ὀνῠ́χοιν / ὀνῠ́χοιῐν
onŭ́khoi(ĭ)n 		ὀνῠ́χων
onŭ́khōn
Dative ὄνῠχῐ
ónŭkhĭ 		ὀνῠ́χοιν / ὀνῠ́χοιῐν
onŭ́khoi(ĭ)n 		ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσῐν
ónŭxĭ(n) / onŭ́khessĭ(n) / onŭ́khesĭ(n)
Accusative ὄνῠχᾰ
ónŭkhă 		ὄνῠχε
ónŭkhe 		ὄνῠχᾰς
ónŭkhăs
Vocative ὄνῠξ
ónŭx 		ὄνῠχε
ónŭkhe 		ὄνῠχες
ónŭkhes
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄνυξ 1, -υχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1086-7
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄνυξ 2, -υχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1087

Further reading

  • “ὄνυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ὄνυξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ὄνυξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • ὄνυξ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
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