堇

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See also: 菫, 𦰩, 暵, 革, and 𦰌
堇 U+5807, 堇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5807
← 堆
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堈 →

Translingual

Japanese 𦰌∣菫
Simplified 堇
Traditional 堇/菫/蓳

Han character

堇 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿中手一 (TLQM), four-corner 44104, composition ⿱廿⿻口龶)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 232, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5212
  • Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 450, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5807

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堇
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) — a person being burned in a sacrificial ceremony (Li Xueqin, 2012) to invoke the rain. Compare 黃.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 堇
alternative forms 𦰩
䒺 ancient

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 堇
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 眞 (44)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨巾切
Baxter gin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡien/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gjin/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjĕn/
Wang
Li 		/ɡǐĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堇
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*rə/
English clay

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堇
Reading # 1/2
No. 6731
Phonetic
component 		堇
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		𥎊
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrɯn/
Notes 甲金文象人交手恭立爲覲初文，
再加土爲堇墐

Definitions

堇

  1. (obsolete) clay

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 堇 – see 蓳 (“Viola verecunda, a kind of violet.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 蓳).
Notes:

Compounds

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 堇 – see 僅 (“only; merely; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of 僅).

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

𦰌

Print
standard

堇

Kanji

堇

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𦰌)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • On (unclassified): きん (kin)
  • Kun: すみれ (sumire)

Korean

Hanja

堇 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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