𐽼𐽶𐽾
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𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr), written vertically
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽼𐽶𐽶𐽾 (pyyr /biir, bir/) 𐽱𐽶𐽾 (βyr /bir, vir/) 𐽼𐽳𐽾 (pwr /bür, bir/) 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽾 (pwyr /bür, büir, biir/) 𐽳𐽶𐽾 (wyr /wir, uyir?/) 𐽼𐽶𐽺 (pyn /bi, bin/) 𐽼𐽶𐽿 (pyš /bi/) 𐽼𐽶 (py /bi/) 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽴 (pwyz /b/) 𐽷𐽶𐽾 (kyr /ir/) 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺 (twyn //) |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐰋𐰃𐱁 (b²iš /bi/) |
| Manichaean script | 𐫁𐫏𐫡 (byr /bir/) 𐫛𐫏𐫡 (pyr /bir/) |
| Sogdian script | 𐼾𐼷𐽀 (pyr /bir/) 𐼾𐼷𐽀𐽀 (pyrr /bir, birr/) 𐼾𐼷𐽀𐼶 (pyrẖ /birh, birig?/) |
| Arabic script | بیر (byr /bir/) پیر (pyr /bir, pir/) ڤیر (wyr /bïr, bir, wir?/) |
| Syriac script | ܦܝܪ (pyr /bir/) ܒܝܪ (βyr /bir, vir/) |
| Brahmi script | 𑀪𑀺𑀭𑁆 (bhir /bir, bʰir/) 𑀩𑀺𑀭 (bira /bir/) 𑀩𑀺𑀭𑁆 (bir /bir/) 𑀧𑀺𑀭𑁆 (pir /bir, pir/) 𑀧𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀬𑁆 (piry /bir, pir/) 𑀨𑀺𑀭𑁆 (phir /bir, bʰir, pir/) |
| Tibetan script | ར་ཝྒ (...r.ug /roḳ?/) |
| Han script | 必兒 (pjit.nye /bi/) |
| 10 | ||||
| 1 | 2 → | 10 → | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: 𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr) Ordinal: 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽶 (ʾylky) Adverbial: 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽰 (pyr qʾtʾ) Distributive: 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 (pyrʾr) Collective: 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽳 (pyrʾkw) | ||||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr. Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /bir/) and Karakhanid بٖيرْ (bīr).
Numeral
𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr /bir, bér/)
- one, 1
- c. 10th century, Pañcatantra Mz657.59 (v22):
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺
- ʾwynsʾr ʾʾntʾ ʾwq̈ pyr q̈ʾtʾq ʾwynyn
- / ünser anta oḳ bir ḳataġ ünin /
- once emerged with a strong voice
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺
- c. 12th-13th centuries, Baḥšï Yaratïġï Guruyoga U5333.28 (U5553.3.12, r12):
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐽿𐽰𐽺𐾂 𐾀𐽰 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽼𐾁𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐾈
- pyr qšʾṅ tʾ qʾyw plkwlwk pwlwr ʾrsʾr
- / bir kšanta ḳayu belgülüg bolur erser /
- even if it only appears for a brief moment
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐽿𐽰𐽺𐾂 𐾀𐽰 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽼𐾁𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐾈
Compound terms
- 𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰃 (b²ir²y¹ul¹i /bir yolï/, “once”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶 (pyr ʾykynty /bir ékinti/, “mutually”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐽰𐽹𐾀𐽶𐽺 (pyr qʾmtyn /bir ḳamtïn/, “for the first and the last time”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶 (pyr yʾnky /bir yaŋï/, “first day of a month”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽹 (pyr yyntm /bir yintem/, “unique”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr pyr /bir bir/, “one by one”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐾀𐽰𐽷 (pyr tʾk /bir teg/, “same, just like so”)
Derived terms
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽳 (pyrʾkw /biregü/, “together”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽶𐽰 (pyrʾrkyʾ /birerkye/, “only once”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (pyrʾrdʾ /birerde/, “sometimes, seldom, from time to time”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽷 (pyrwk /birök/, “if, either so”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽶 (pyry /biri/, “one of the crowd”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (pyrykdwrmʾk /birikdürmek/, “to unite, to tie”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (pyrykmʾk /birékmek/, “to join, to be one with, to be on good terms with, to agree with”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (pyrkʾrtmʾk /birgertmek/, “to unite, to go to war”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽶𐽰 (pyrkyʾ /birkye/, “one and only”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (pyrdyn /birdén/, “suddenly”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽰𐽹 (pyrtʾm /birtem/, “wholly”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 (pyrlʾ /birle/, “and, with”)
Descendants
- Western Yugur: bər (per)
References
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Scribal error, or a misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling, attested as 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽰 (pylʾ /bile/, “together”).
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Attested as 𑀧𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀓𑀺𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀺 (pirikindi /bir-ikindi/, “for each other”)
- ^ Attested as 𑀨𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀬𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀁 (phirtymāṃ /bir tmen/, “ten thousand”, literally “one ten-thousand”)
- ^ This particular word is only found once, most likely a rendering of 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽷 (pyrwk /birök/, “if, so, even”). Found in a quite fragmentary text, what it reads as is not certain.
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0379_seite1.jpg
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Altt%C3%BCrkische_Text_in_sogdischer_Schrift.htm (Referenz: Mz 379 (Stück1), B:04-06)
- ^ bir ulatï, Literally, “one and the others”.
- ^ Translation may be inaccurate due to the fragmentary nature of the passage.
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0657_seite2_detail1.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u5333seite03.jpg
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “bir”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 43
- Kara, Georg, Zieme, Peter (1977) Die uigurischen Übersetzungen des Guruyogas “Tiefer Weg” von Sa-skya Paṇḍita und der Mañjuśrīnāmasaṃgīti (in German), page 31
- Radloff, W. (1910) Tisastvustik: ein in türkischer Sprache bearbeitetes buddhistisches Sutra (in German), St.-Petersbourg: St.-Petersbourg Académie impériale des sciences, page 6
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) bir”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 176-178
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 68, 97, 115