μέλας

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See also: μελάς and Μέλας

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *mélās, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-.

The feminine -αινα (-aina) originates from *-ih₂; see -ια (-ia) Cognates include Sanskrit मल (mala, dirt, filth, dust), Latvian melns, Old Prussian melne and Lithuanian mėlynas (which changed the meaning to "blue").

Pronunciation

 

Adjective

μέλᾱς (mélāsm (feminine μέλαινᾰ, neuter μέλᾰν); first/third declension

  1. dark in color; sometimes so dark as to lack color, black
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.262:
      ἐν δέ οἱ ἀσκὸν ἔθηκε θεᾱ̀ μέλανος (ϝ)οἴνοιο
      en dé hoi askòn éthēke theā̀ mélanos (w)oínoio
      On the goddess put a skin of dark wine.
  2. (figuratively) evil, black, dark
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.834:
      τὼ δέ οἱ οὔ τι πειθέσθην· κῆρες γὰρ ἄγον μέλανος θανάτοιο
      tṑ dé hoi oú ti peithésthēn; kêres gàr ágon mélanos thanátoio
      But the two did not listen at all, for the fates of black death were leading them on.
  3. (figuratively) dark, obscure
  4. (of the voice) indistinct
  5. (medicine) causing black secretions

Inflection

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: μελανός (melanós)
  • English: mela-, melano-, melas

See also

Colors in Ancient Greek · χρώμᾰτᾰ (khrṓmata) (layout · text)
     λευκός (leukós)      γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (killós), πολῐός (poliós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)      ᾰ̓μαυρός (amaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās)
             ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (karū́kinos), κόκκῐνος (kókkinos), φοινός (phoinós)              πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphninos)              μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xanthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
             πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos)              χλωρός (khlōrós)              χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
             κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kaláïnos)              κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos)              κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huakínthinos)
             ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos), οἶνοψ (oînops)              φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos)              ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)

References