درس

Arabic

Etymology

From the root د ر س (d-r-s). According to Geiger meanings of interpreting pettily much, the meaning “deuteln”, specifically in Qurʿān 6:105 and Qurʿān 6:156, are a semantic loan from Hebrew דָּרַשׁ (dāráś).

Pronunciation

• Verb I: IPA^(key): /da.ra.sa/,

  Audio

  (file)

• Verb II: IPA^(key): /dar.ra.sa/
• Noun: IPA^(key): /dars/

Verb

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I, non-past يَدْرُسُ‎ (yadrusu)

1. to become erased, to become effaced, to become obliterated, to become wiped out, to become hard to see

Conjugation

Verb

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I, non-past يَدْرُسُ‎ (yadrusu)

1. to erase, to efface, to obliterate, to wipe out, to make hard to see
2. to thresh, to flail
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 30, Art. 7, page 416:

     وَأَمَّا المُصَنَّبُ فَيُؤْخَذُ الصِنَابُ الْحَدِيثُ وَيُجْتَنَبُ الْقَدِيمُ وَيُغْسَلُ حَبُّهُ بِالْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ وَيُجَفَّفُ ثُمَّ يُدْرَسُ وَيُغَرْبَلُ ثُمَّ يُعْمَدُ إِلَى الْمُصْطَارِ الْحُلْوِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الْحَلَاوَةِ فَيُمْلِئ مِنْهُ خَابِيَةً وَيُقَسَّمُ ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابُ أَقْسَامًا ثَلَاثَةً وَيُجْعَلُ كُلُّ ثُلْثٍ فِي خَرِيطَةٍ وَيُرْبَطُ فِي قَصَبَةٍ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ وَيُذْرَى مِن ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمُصْطَارِ فِي أَعْلَا الْخَابِيَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَرَ وَيَنْعَقِدَ.

     wa-ʔammā l-muṣannabu fayuʔḵaḏu ṣ-ṣinābu l-ḥadīṯu wa-yujtanabu l-qadīmu wa-yuḡsalu ḥabbu-hū bi-l-māʔi l-ʕaḏbi wa-yujaffafu ṯumma yudrasu wa-yuḡarbalu ṯumma yuʕmadu ʔilā l-muṣṭāri l-ḥulwi l-ḡāyati fī l-ḥalāwati fa-yumliʔ min-hu ḵābiyatan wa-yuqassamu ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābu ʔaqsāman ṯalāṯatan wa-yujʕalu kullu ṯulṯin fī ḵarīṭatin wa-yurbaṭu fī qaṣabatin miṯla mā taqaddama wa-yuḏrā min ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābi ʕalā wajhi l-muṣṭāri fī ʔaʕlā l-ḵābiyati ḥattā yustara wa-yanʕaqida.

     In what concerns the mustard preparation, one takes new mustard, avoiding the old, and cleans its grains with sweet water and dries them, then one threshes and sieves it, thereafter puts it to must of utmost sweetness, and it fills from it a vessel, and this mustard is dealt into three portions, of which all thirds are transferred into a pouch tied up with a cane in the way said earlier, and from this mustard one sews onto the must’s surface in the upper part of the vessel until it is covered and thickens.

3. to study

   هُوَ يَدْرُسُ الرِّيَاضِيَاتِ فِي الْجَامِعَةِ.

   huwa yadrusu r-riyāḍiyāti fī l-jāmiʕati.

   He studies mathematics at the university.

4. to learn

   أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَدْرُسَ ٱللُّغَةَ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة

   ʔurīdu ʔan ʔadrusa l-luḡata l-ʕarabiyya

   I want to learn Arabic

Conjugation

Verb

دَرَّسَ • (darrasa) II, non-past يُدَرِّسُ‎ (yudarrisu)

1. (ditransitive) to teach, to educate

Conjugation

Noun

دَرْس • (dars) m (plural دُرُوس (durūs))

1. verbal noun of دَرَسَ (darasa) (form I)
2. study, studies
3. lesson
4. class, class hour, period
5. lecture

Declension

Descendants

• → Armenian: դարս (dars) (Karadagh)
• → Azerbaijani: dərs
• → Bashkir: дәрес (dəres)
• → Northern Kurdish: ders
• → Nogai: дерис (deris)
• → Ottoman Turkish: درس (ders)
• Turkish: ders
• → Persian: درس (dars)
• → Swahili: darasa
• → Tatar: дәрес (däres)

Noun

دِرْس • (dirs) m (plural أَدْرَاس (ʔadrās))

1. relic, trace, mark (of a thing effaced)

Declension

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “درس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 433
• Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902) Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, pages 50–51
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “درس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 870–871
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “درس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 321

Baluchi

Noun

درس • (darsun)

1. lesson

See also

• سبک (sabak)
• سبق (sabaq)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Noun

درس • (ders)

1. lesson
2. lecture

Descendants

• Turkish: ders
• → Laz: დერსი (dersi)

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

درس • (dars)

1. lesson

   درس اول ― dars-e avval ― first lesson

2. lecture
3. (agriculture) threshing, act of separation of grain from the straw or husks by mechanical beating, with a flail or machinery.

Inflection

Derived terms

• درس خواندن (dars xândan)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic دَرَسَ (darasa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da.ras/,

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

درس • (daras) I (present بدرس (bodros))

1. to study

   لازم ندرس الموضوع منيح.

   lāzem nodros il-mawḍūʕ mnīḥ.

   We must study the subject well.

2. (by extension) to learn

   Synonym: تعلم (tʕallam)

Conjugation

Etymology 2

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dars/,

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Noun

درس • (dars) m (plural دروس (drūs))

1. lesson
2. study