دستور

From Persian دستور (dastur).

• IPA^(key): /dus.tuːr/
  • (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /dɪsˈtuːr/, (proscribed) /dɪsˈtoːr/

دُسْتُور • (dustūr) m (plural دَسَاتِير (dasātīr))

1. (law, government) constitution
2. rule, guideline
3. set of rules
4. action rule
5. model

• دُسْتُورِيّ (dustūriyy, “constitutional”)

• → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
  • Turkish: düstur
• → Swahili: desturi

Borrowed from Arabic دُسْتُور (dustūr, “rule, set of rules”), from Persian دستور (dastur, “command, order”).

دستور • (düstur) (definite accusative دستوری (düsturu), plural دستورلر (düsturlar))

1. plenipotentiary, a person invested with full powers, especially a minister or a functionary
2. (Zoroastrianism) dastur, a Zoroastrian high priest ranking above a mobad or herbad
3. permission, authorization, granting, leave, a formal consent from someone in authority

   Synonyms: اجازت (icazet), اذن (izn, izin), رخصت (ruhsat), مساعده (müsâʼade)

4. (law) code, a systematic collection of statutes set forth by a process of codification

• Turkish: düstur

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “düstur”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1332
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دستور”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 224a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دستور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 572
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Licentia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 948
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دستور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2079
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “düstur”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دستور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 903

Multiple origins have been proposed:

• From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
• From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).^[1]
• Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite (dassu-, “strong”).^[2]

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))

1. command, order
2. method, manner, procedure, way
3. guideline, rule
4. permission, leave, authority
5. basis, foundation
6. model, example, exemplar
7. (law, government) constitution
8. (archaic) statesman, vizier
9. (linguistics) grammar (دستور زبان (dastur-e zabân))
10. (Zoroastrianism) dastur

• → Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
    • Turkish: düstur
  • → Swahili: desturi
• → Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)
• → English: dastur
• → Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

  Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

• → Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)
• → Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

  Northern Kurdish: destûr

• → Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
  • Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)
• → Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)
• → Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

• “DASTŪR”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, 1994

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَسْتُور (dastūr).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əs.t̪uːɾ/
• Rhymes: -uːɾ

دَسْتُور • (dastūr) m (Hindi spelling दस्तूर)

1. command, order
2. constitution
3. guideline, rule
4. (Zoroastrianism) dastur