فرمان
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فَرْمان (farmān, “royal mandate”)
Old Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْمَان (farmān). Compare Old Punjabi ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ (phuramāṇu).
Noun
فَرْمان (farmān) m (Middle Hindi)
- decree, order
- 1564, حَسَن شَوقِی (hasan śauqī), مِعْراج اُلْعَاشِقِین (mi'rāj ul'āśiqīn), page 82:
- نِظامِیَاں کوں فَرْمان یُوں لیکھ توں
جِیتے قاعِدے ہِندوی سِیکھ توں- nizāmiyā̃ kõ farmān yū̃ lekh tõ
jīte qā'ide hindvī sīkh tõ - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- nizāmiyā̃ kõ farmān yū̃ lekh tõ
Descendants
Further reading
- “فرمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian فرمان (farmân, “decree, order”), from Middle Persian 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /framān/, “order, command”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam.
Noun
فرمان • (ferman)
- command, order, an action or inaction that must be obeyed, mandated by someone in authority
- firman, a decree issued by a sovereign in certain historical Islamic states, like the Ottoman Empire
Derived terms
- فرمان آلمق (ferman almak, “to procure a firman”)
- فرمان چیقمق (ferman çıkmak, “for a firman, to be given”)
- فرمانده (fermandıh, “sovereign”)
- فرمانرو (fermanrev, “domain”)
- فرمانلو (fermanlı, “provided of a firman”)
- فرماننامه (fermanname, “letter of commands”)
Descendants
- Turkish: ferman
- → Albanian: ferman
- → Armenian: ֆէրման (fērman), ֆա̈րմա̈ն (färmän)
- → English: firman
- → Hungarian: fermán
- → Romanian: firman
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ferman”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1565
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “fermân”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 311
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فرمان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 896
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Mandatum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 999
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فرمان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3507
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ferman”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فرمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1379
Persian
Alternative forms
- فرمون (farmun)
Etymology
From Middle Persian (plmʾn'), 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /framān/, “order, command”), from Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (framānā, “command”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam. Cognate with Gurani ھەرمانە (harmāna, “work”) and Iranian loanwords Old Armenian հրաման (hraman), Aramaic הַרְמָן (hrmnʾ, “order”).
Cognate with Sanskrit प्रमाण (pramāṇa).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | farmān |
| Dari reading? | farmān |
| Iranian reading? | farmân |
| Tajik reading? | farmon |
Noun
فرمان • (farmân) (plural فرامین (farâmin) or فرمانها (farmân-hâ))
| Dari | فرمان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | фармон |
Synonyms
Derived terms
- فرمانده (farmânde)
- فرماندهی (farmândehi)
- فرمانروا (farmânravâ)
- فرمانروایی (farmânravâyi)
- فرماندار (farmândâr)
- فرمانداری (farmândâri)
- فرمانبر (farmânbar)
- فرمانبری (farmânbari)
- فرمانبردار (farmânbardâr)
- فرمانبرداری (farmânbardâri)
- فرمانفرما (farmân-farmâ)
- فرمان دادن (farmân dâdan)
Related terms
- فرمودن (farmudan)
Descendants
- → Arabic: فَرْمَان (farmān)
- → Assamese: ফৰমান (phorman), ফৰ্মান (phorman)
- → Azerbaijani: fərman
- → Bashkir: фарман (farman)
- → Bengali: ফরমান (fôrman)
- → Dhivehi: ފަރުމާނު (farumānu)
- → Gujarati: ફરમાન (pharmān)
- → Old Hindi: فَرْمان (farmān)
- → Indonesian: firman
- → Kannada: ಫರ್ಮಾನು (pharmānu)
- → Kumyk: пурман (purman)
- → Lezgi: фарман (farman)
- → Maithili: pharᵊmān
- → Marwari:
- → Malayalam: പരമാന് (paramāṉ)
- → Marathi: फर्मान (pharmān)
- → Ottoman Turkish: فرمان (ferman)
- → Old Punjabi: ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ (phuramāṇu), ਫੁਰਮਾਨੁ (phuramānu)
- → Russian: фирман (firman)
- → Sindhi: farmānu
- → Tamil: பரமானா (paramāṉā)
- → Telugu: ఫర్మానా (pharmānā)
References
- Walter W[illiam] Skeat (1910) “فرمان”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Press, published 1963, →OCLC.
- Klein, Dr. Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1971.
- Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْمَان (farmān). First attested in c. 1600 as Old Punjabi ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ (phuramāṇu).
Noun
فَرْمان • (farmān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਫ਼ਰਮਾਨ)
- order, command, edict
- (historical) firman (royal decree)
Declension
| Declension of فرمان | ||
|---|---|---|
| dir. sg. | فَرْمان (farmān) | |
| dir. pl. | فَرْمان (farmān) | |
| singular | plural | |
| direct | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمان (farmān) |
| oblique | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْماناں (farmānāṉ) |
| vocative | فَرْمانا (farmānā) | فَرْمانو (farmāno) |
| ablative | فَرْمانوں (farmānoṉ) | — |
| locative | فَرْمانے (farmāne) | فَرْمانِیں (farmānīṉ) |
| instrumental | فَرْمانے (farmāne) | فَرْمانِیں (farmānīṉ) |
Further reading
- “ਫਰਮਾਨ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “فرمان”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
Urdu
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Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْمَان (farmān). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi فَرْمان (farmān).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /fəɾ.mɑːn/
- Rhymes: -ɑːn
- Hyphenation: فَر‧مان
Noun
فَرْمان • (farmān) m (Hindi spelling फ़रमान)
- a command (by any individual)
- (historical) decree; mandate (especially a royal or an official one)
Declension
| Declension of فرمان | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمان (farmān) |
| oblique | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمانوں (farmānō̃) |
| vocative | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمانو (farmānō) |
Related terms
Related terms
Adjective
فَرْمان • (farmān) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling फ़रमान) (poetic)
- obedient, servant
- مَیں قائِد کا فَرْمان۔ دِل سِینے میں قُرْآن
- ma͠i qāid kā farmān. dil sīne mẽ qur-ān
- I am servant of my leader, with the word of God lying against my heart; chest.
Further reading
- “فرمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “فرمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “فرمان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 453
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “فرمان”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 870
- Platts, John T. (1884) “فرمان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 779
- John Shakespear (1834) “فرمان”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1258