दूर

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See also: देर, द्रु, and दुर

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra), from Sanskrit दूर (dūrá). Also influenced by Classical Persian دور (dūr).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪uːɾ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːɾ

Adjective

दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)

  1. distant, far
    Antonyms: पास (pās), निकट (nikaṭ)
    आपका कार्यालय यहाँ से कितनी दूर है।
    āpkā kāryālay yahā̃ se kitnī dūr hai.
    How far is your office from here?
    पृथ्वी से शनि बहुत दूर है।
    pŕthvī se śani bahut dūr hai.
    Saturn is very distant from the Earth.
  2. away, off
    वह सौ मीटर दूर खड़ा था। ― vah sau mīṭar dūr khaṛā thā. ― He was standing a hundred meters away.
    इन लड़कों को खेत से दूर रखो।
    in laṛkõ ko khet se dūr rakho.
    Keep these boys off the field.

Usage notes

दूर (dūr) can be considered an adverb in the same sense as it is considered an adjective.

Noun

दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)

  1. distance, remoteness

Derived terms

References

Marathi

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit दूर (dūra).

Pronunciation

Adjective

दूर • (dūra)

  1. distant or remote in time or space

Further reading

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long, far”), from *dweh₂-. Cognate with Old Persian 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 (du-u-r-i-y /⁠dūraiy⁠/, “afar”) (whence Persian دور (dur, “far”)), Avestan 𐬛𐬏𐬭𐬁𐬝 (dūrāt̰, “from afar”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Latin dūrus, Old Armenian երկար (erkar, “long, extended”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

दूर • (dūrá)

  1. distant, far, long, remote
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.7.4:
      स स्मा कृणोति केतुमा नक्तं चिद्दूर आ सते।
      sa smā kṛṇoti ketumā naktaṃ ciddūra ā sate.
      He gives a signal in the night even to him who is afar.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरः
dūráḥ 		दूरौ / दूरा¹
dūraú / dūrā́¹ 		दूराः / दूरासः¹
dūrā́ḥ / dūrā́saḥ¹
Vocative दूर
dū́ra 		दूरौ / दूरा¹
dū́rau / dū́rā¹ 		दूराः / दूरासः¹
dū́rāḥ / dū́rāsaḥ¹
Accusative दूरम्
dūrám 		दूरौ / दूरा¹
dūraú / dūrā́¹ 		दूरान्
dūrā́n
Instrumental दूरेण
dūréṇa 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹
dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹
Dative दूराय
dūrā́ya 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Ablative दूरात्
dūrā́t 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Genitive दूरस्य
dūrásya 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरे
dūré 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूरेषु
dūréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of दूरा (dūrā́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरा
dūrā́ 		दूरे
dūré 		दूराः
dūrā́ḥ
Vocative दूरे
dū́re 		दूरे
dū́re 		दूराः
dū́rāḥ
Accusative दूराम्
dūrā́m 		दूरे
dūré 		दूराः
dūrā́ḥ
Instrumental दूरया / दूरा¹
dūráyā / dūrā́¹ 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूराभिः
dūrā́bhiḥ
Dative दूरायै
dūrā́yai 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूराभ्यः
dūrā́bhyaḥ
Ablative दूरायाः / दूरायै²
dūrā́yāḥ / dūrā́yai² 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूराभ्यः
dūrā́bhyaḥ
Genitive दूरायाः / दूरायै²
dūrā́yāḥ / dūrā́yai² 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरायाम्
dūrā́yām 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूरासु
dūrā́su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरम्
dūrám 		दूरे
dūré 		दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Vocative दूर
dū́ra 		दूरे
dū́re 		दूराणि / दूरा¹
dū́rāṇi / dū́rā¹
Accusative दूरम्
dūrám 		दूरे
dūré 		दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Instrumental दूरेण
dūréṇa 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹
dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹
Dative दूराय
dūrā́ya 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Ablative दूरात्
dūrā́t 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Genitive दूरस्य
dūrásya 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरे
dūré 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूरेषु
dūréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

दूर • (dūrá) stem, n

  1. distance, remoteness
  2. come from afar
  3. long way back or from a remote period

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरम्
dūrám 		दूरे
dūré 		दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Vocative दूर
dū́ra 		दूरे
dū́re 		दूराणि / दूरा¹
dū́rāṇi / dū́rā¹
Accusative दूरम्
dūrám 		दूरे
dūré 		दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Instrumental दूरेण
dūréṇa 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹
dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹
Dative दूराय
dūrā́ya 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Ablative दूरात्
dūrā́t 		दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām 		दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Genitive दूरस्य
dūrásya 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरे
dūré 		दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ 		दूरेषु
dūréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

Descendants

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “दूर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 489/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 739
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dūrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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