सत्य
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit सत्य (satyá, “true; truth, reality”). Doublet of सच (sac), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
Adjective
सत्य • (satya) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ستیہ)
Derived terms
Noun
सत्य • (satya) m (Urdu spelling ستیہ)
- truth
- reality, actuality
- Synonyms: वास्तविकता (vāstaviktā), हक़ीक़त (haqīqat)
- sincerity, righteousness
Declension
Declension of सत्य (masc cons-stem)
Related terms
- सत्या f (satyā)
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit सत्य (satyá)
Pronunciation
Noun
सत्य • (satya) m
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “सत्य”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সত্য (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬢ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
- সত্য (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰝𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- သတျ (Burmese script)
- સત્ય (Gujarati script)
- ਸਤ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌤𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦠꦾ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂞𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- ಸತ್ಯ (Kannada script)
- សត្យ (Khmer script)
- ສຕ຺ຍ (Lao script)
- സത്യ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᢠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘝𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᢐᠶᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑦽𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐟𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
- ସତ୍ଯ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢡ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆠𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖝𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
- සත්ය (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩫 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚙𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
- ஸத்ய (Tamil script)
- సత్య (Telugu script)
- สตฺย (Thai script)
- ས་ཏྱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒞𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨙𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsatyás (“true”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sn̥t-yó-s, from *h₁sónts, from *h₁es- (“to be”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬀 (haiθiia), Old Persian 𐏃𐏁𐎡𐎹 (h-š-i-y /hašiya/), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌹𐍃 (sunjis).
Pronunciation
Adjective
सत्य • (satyá)
- true, real, actual, genuine
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.22.01:
- य एक इद्धव्यश्चर्षणीनामिन्द्रं तं गीर्भिरभ्यर्च आभिः।
यः पत्यते वृषभो वृष्ण्यावान्सत्यः सत्वा पुरुमायः सहस्वान्॥- ya eka iddhavyaścarṣaṇīnāmindraṃ taṃ gīrbhirabhyarca ābhiḥ.
yaḥ patyate vṛṣabho vṛṣṇyāvānsatyaḥ satvā purumāyaḥ sahasvān. - WITH these my hymns I glorify that Indra who is alone to be invoked by mortals,
The Lord, the Mighty One, of manly vigour, victorious, Hero, true, and full of wisdom.
- ya eka iddhavyaścarṣaṇīnāmindraṃ taṃ gīrbhirabhyarca ābhiḥ.
- य एक इद्धव्यश्चर्षणीनामिन्द्रं तं गीर्भिरभ्यर्च आभिः।
- sincere, honest, truthful, faithful
- pure, virtuous, good
- successful, effectual, valid
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of सत्य (satyá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सत्यः satyáḥ |
सत्यौ / सत्या¹ satyaú / satyā́¹ |
सत्याः / सत्यासः¹ satyā́ḥ / satyā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | सत्य sátya |
सत्यौ / सत्या¹ sátyau / sátyā¹ |
सत्याः / सत्यासः¹ sátyāḥ / sátyāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | सत्यम् satyám |
सत्यौ / सत्या¹ satyaú / satyā́¹ |
सत्यान् satyā́n |
| Instrumental | सत्येन satyéna |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्यैः / सत्येभिः¹ satyaíḥ / satyébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | सत्याय satyā́ya |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्येभ्यः satyébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सत्यात् satyā́t |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्येभ्यः satyébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सत्यस्य satyásya |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्यानाम् satyā́nām |
| Locative | सत्ये satyé |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्येषु satyéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of सत्या (satyā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सत्या satyā́ |
सत्ये satyé |
सत्याः satyā́ḥ |
| Vocative | सत्ये sátye |
सत्ये sátye |
सत्याः sátyāḥ |
| Accusative | सत्याम् satyā́m |
सत्ये satyé |
सत्याः satyā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | सत्यया / सत्या¹ satyáyā / satyā́¹ |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्याभिः satyā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | सत्यायै satyā́yai |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्याभ्यः satyā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सत्यायाः / सत्यायै² satyā́yāḥ / satyā́yai² |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्याभ्यः satyā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सत्यायाः / सत्यायै² satyā́yāḥ / satyā́yai² |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्यानाम् satyā́nām |
| Locative | सत्यायाम् satyā́yām |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्यासु satyā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of सत्य (satyá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सत्यम् satyám |
सत्ये satyé |
सत्यानि / सत्या¹ satyā́ni / satyā́¹ |
| Vocative | सत्य sátya |
सत्ये sátye |
सत्यानि / सत्या¹ sátyāni / sátyā¹ |
| Accusative | सत्यम् satyám |
सत्ये satyé |
सत्यानि / सत्या¹ satyā́ni / satyā́¹ |
| Instrumental | सत्येन satyéna |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्यैः / सत्येभिः¹ satyaíḥ / satyébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | सत्याय satyā́ya |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्येभ्यः satyébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सत्यात् satyā́t |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्येभ्यः satyébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सत्यस्य satyásya |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्यानाम् satyā́nām |
| Locative | सत्ये satyé |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्येषु satyéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀘 (saca)
- → Bengali: সত্য (śotto)
- → Hindi: सत्य (satya)
- → Kannada: ಸತ್ಯ (satya)
- → Khmer: សត្យ (sat), សត្យា (sattyaa)
- → Lao: ສັດ (sat)
- → Lü: ᦉᦈ (ṡṫs), ᦉᧆᦈ (ṡadṫs)
- → Malay: setia
- → Indonesian: setia
- → Malayalam: സത്യം (satyaṁ)
- → Marathi: सत्य (satya)
- → Punjabi: ਸਤਿ (sati)
- → Telugu: సత్యము (satyamu)
- → Thai: สัตย์ (sàt)
- → Tamil: சத்தியம் (cattiyam)
Noun
सत्य • (satyá) stem, n
Inflection
| Neuter a-stem declension of सत्य (satyá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सत्यम् satyám |
सत्ये satyé |
सत्यानि / सत्या¹ satyā́ni / satyā́¹ |
| Vocative | सत्य sátya |
सत्ये sátye |
सत्यानि / सत्या¹ sátyāni / sátyā¹ |
| Accusative | सत्यम् satyám |
सत्ये satyé |
सत्यानि / सत्या¹ satyā́ni / satyā́¹ |
| Instrumental | सत्येन satyéna |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्यैः / सत्येभिः¹ satyaíḥ / satyébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | सत्याय satyā́ya |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्येभ्यः satyébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सत्यात् satyā́t |
सत्याभ्याम् satyā́bhyām |
सत्येभ्यः satyébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सत्यस्य satyásya |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्यानाम् satyā́nām |
| Locative | सत्ये satyé |
सत्ययोः satyáyoḥ |
सत्येषु satyéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- सत्यकर्मन् (satyakarman, “one whose actions are true; sincerity in action”)
- सत्यक्रिया (satyakriyā, “a promise, oath”)
- सत्यघ्न (satyaghna, “breaking one's word”)
- सत्यजित् (satyajit, “truly victorious, conquering by truth”)
- सत्यदर्शिन् (satyadarśin, “truth-seeing, truth-discerning”)
- सत्यधर्म (satyadharma, “the law of truth”)
- सत्यबन्ध (satyabandha, “bound by the truth, truthful”)
- सत्यभाषण (satyabhāṣaṇa, “speaking of the truth”)
- सत्यभेदिन् (satyabhedin, “violating truth, promise-breaking”)
- सत्यम् (satyam, “truly, indeed, certainly, verily, yes”)
- सत्यलोक (satyaloka, “world of truth”)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “सत्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1135.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 690-691