楽

Translingual

Han character

楽 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈人木 (IOD) or 難戈人木 (XIOD), four-corner 3290₄, composition ⿱⿻白⿱丷八木)

Derived characters

• 𭢫, 檪, 𭶒, 䃯, 𮝩, 𮣏, 𪴞, 𣛙, 薬

Related characters

• 樂 (Orthodox traditional form, also a Japanese kyūjitai)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 542, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15213
• Dae Jaweon: page 930, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 8 (in addendum), page 20, character 14
• Unihan data for U+697D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Unorthodox variant simplified from 樂 (𢆶 (yōu) → ⿱丷八) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《字學三正》. Also found in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty.

Definitions

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02016-003#33

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 樂)

1. music
2. comfort, enjoyment
3. ease, simplicity
4. final day of a performance

Readings

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ngaewH):

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げう (geu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ごう (gō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ngaewk, “music, singing”):

• Go-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC lak, “comfort, ease”):

• Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: このむ (konomu, 楽む); かなでる (kanaderu, 楽でる); たのしい (tanoshii, 楽しい, Jōyō); たのしむ (tanoshimu, 楽しむ, Jōyō); たのしみ (tanoshimi, 楽しみ)
• Nanori: ささ (sasa); もと (moto); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC lak).

Pronunciation 1

• (Tokyo) らく​ (Odaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Adjective

楽(らく) • (raku) -na (adnominal 楽(らく)な (raku na), adverbial 楽(らく)に (raku ni))

1. comfortable, enjoying

   Synonym: 安楽 (anraku)

2. easy, simple

   人生(じんせい)は楽(らく)ではない。

   Jinsei wa raku de wa nai.

   Life is not easy.

3. rich, wealthy
4. uncomplicated

Inflection

Noun

楽(らく) • (raku) 

1. comfort, ease, enjoyment
2. ease, simplicity

Derived terms

• 千秋(せんしゅう)楽(らく), 千穐(せんしゅう)楽(らく) (senshūraku)
• 能楽(のうらく) (nōraku)

Pronunciation 2

• (Tokyo) ら​く (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

楽(らく) • (raku) 

1. Short for 千秋楽 (senshūraku): the end of a performance; a finale; the last or end of something
2. Short for 楽焼き (Raku-yaki): rakuware

Derived terms

• 楽(らく)日(び) (rakubi)

Proper noun

楽(らく) • (Raku) 

1. a male or female given name
2. a surname

Derived terms

• 楽焼(らくやき), 楽(らく)焼(や)き (Raku-yaki)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ngaewk).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) が​く (Atamadaka – )
• (Tokyo) がく (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

楽(がく) • (gaku) 

1. short for 音楽 (ongaku): music
2. short for 雅楽 (gagaku): ancient-medieval Japanese court music, imported from the Chinese yayue
3. (theater) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Proper noun

楽(がく) • (Gaku) 

1. a surname

Etymology 3

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 好む (konomu, “to like, prefer”).

Proper noun

楽(このみ) • (Konomi) 

1. a female given name

References