-ई

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See also: ई

Hindi

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    Etymology tree
    Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इउ (-iu)
    Hindi -ई (-ī)

    All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इक (-ika):

    See -इयों (-iyõ) and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically. [1]

    Suffix

    -ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)

    1. suffix for some masculine nouns
    Declension
    Declension of -ई (masc ind ī-stem)
    singular plural
    direct -ई
    -ī     		-ई
    -ī
    oblique -ई
    -ī     		-इयों
    -iyõ
    vocative -ई
    -ī     		-इयो
    -iyo

    Etymology 2

      Etymology tree
      Sauraseni Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia)
      Hindi -ई (-ī)

      All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इका (-ikā). Specifically,

      See -इयाँ (-iyā̃), -इयों (-iyõ), and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically. [2]

      Suffix

      -ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)

      1. suffix for many feminine nouns
      Declension
      Declension of -ई (fem ind ī-stem)
      singular plural
      direct -ई
      -ī       		-इयाँ
      -iyā̃
      oblique -ई
      -ī       		-इयों
      -iyõ
      vocative -ई
      -ī       		-इयो
      -iyo

      Etymology 3

        Etymology tree
        Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia)
        Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.
        Hindi -ई (-ī)

        Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya). Later influenced by Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/, adjectival suffix), a cognate of Sanskrit -इक (-ika) through Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas. Also influenced by Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy, nisba suffix), which in Classical Persian becomes ـی (-ī).

        Suffix

        -ई • (-ī) (Urdu spelling ـی)

        1. relating or belonging to, forms adjectives from nouns
          ‎पहाड़ (pahāṛ, “mountain”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎पहाड़ी (pahāṛī, “mountainous”)
          ‎पंजाब (pañjāb, “Punjab”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎पंजाबी (pañjābī, “Punjabi”)

        Etymology 4

          Etymology tree
          Sanskrit -इन् (-in)bor.
          Hindi -ई (-ī)

          Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, “doer, possessor”).

          Suffix

          -ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)

          1. doer, possessor
            ‎सुख (sukh, “happiness”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎सुखी (sukhī, “happy, possessing happiness”)
            ‎यात्रा (yātrā, “travel”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎यात्री (yātrī, “traveller”)

          Etymology 5

            Etymology tree
            Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)bor.
            Hindi -ई (-ī)

            Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/) (forms nouns from adjectives).[3] Doublet of -गी (-gī).

            Suffix

            -ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)

            1. forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns
              ‎दोस्त (dost, “friend”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎दोस्ती (dostī, “friendship”)
              ‎बेवक़ूफ़ (bevaqūf, “foolish”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎बेवक़ूफ़ी (bevaqūfī, “foolishness”)
            Declension
            Declension of -ई (fem ind ī-stem)
            singular plural
            direct -ई
            -ī             		-इयाँ
            -iyā̃
            oblique -ई
            -ī             		-इयों
            -iyõ
            vocative -ई
            -ī             		-इयो
            -iyo
            Derived terms
            Hindi terms suffixed with -ई

            References

            1. ^ Oberlies, Thomas (2005) A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, →ISBN, page 7
            2. ^ Oberlies, Thomas (2005) A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, →ISBN, page 9
            3. ^ https://www.jahanshiri.ir/fa/en/suffix-i

            Konkani

            Etymology

            (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

            Pronunciation

            Suffix

            -ई • (-ī) (Latin script -i, Kannada script -ಈ)

            1. suffix found in feminine nouns

            References

            • Madhavi Sardesai (2006) A Comparative Linguistic and Cultural Study of Lexical Influences on Konkani‎, Goa University (doctoral thesis)
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