Appendix:Glossary of parts of speech
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Not all the parts of speech found below can be found in English.
Adpositions
An adposition is an "element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context". The ones listed below all have the same function, but differ only in where they are placed relative to their object.
These are usually all called "prepositions" because they are not functionally different from each other.
| Part of speech | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| preposition | Adposition that comes before its object | before, with, to, for |
| postposition | Adposition that comes after its object | Dutch achterna, naartoe |
| circumposition | Pair of adpositions that go around their object | |
| ambiposition | Can be either a preposition or postposition | notwithstanding, aside |
Adjectives
An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
| Part of speech | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| adjective | modifies a noun or pronoun | funny, interesting, so-called |
| determiner | an adjective that indicates which one or how many | that, the, ten, few |
| article | the determiners the, a, or equivalent | the, a, an |
| numeral or number | Indicates quantity (cardinal number/numeral) or rank in numbers (ordinal number/numeral) | five, fifth, first, zero |
Some things that adjectives can be are:
Adverbs
| Part of speech | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| adverb | modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb | interestingly, mostly, a little |
Clauses
To be completed
Conjunctions
To be completed
Nouns
To be completed
Pronouns
To be completed
Others
| Part of speech | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| interjection or exclamation | A word that usually expresses emotion that can stand on its own | thank you, holy shit, oh |
| particle | A word that does not fit into any other class | O, to |