Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-mun

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 This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mun/rmun (Coblin, 1986), *mun ~ s-mun (Chou, 1972)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-mun (Matisoff, STEDT)

Adjective

*s-mun

  1. dark, dim, dusky, blurred
  2. dusk, evening, darkness
  3. dull, stupid, confused
  4. sad, sulky

Descendants

  • Old Chinese:
    悶 / 闷 (*mɯːns (ZS), “melancholy, depressed; dull, stupid”)
    昏 (*m̥ˁun (B-S), *m̥ɯːn (ZS), “dusk, evening; dark; confused, bewildered”)
    > 婚 (*m̥ɯːn (ZS, “to marry; marriage”)
    (traditionally (since Han Dynasty) regarded as a derivation from 昏, so named since marriage ceremonies took place at dusk in ancient times; may be folk etymology instead)
    惛 (*m̥ɯːn, *m̥ɯːns (ZS), “muddled, confused”)
    殙 (*m̥ɯːn (ZS), “drizzly, misty”)
    紊 (*mɯns (ZS), “disorderly, confused, tangled”)
    perhaps also
    懣 / 懑 (*moːnʔ, *muːnʔ, *muːns (ZS), “sullen, sulky, resentful”)
    忽 (*m̥ˁut (B-S), *m̥ɯːd (ZS), “careless, confused; disorderly; dim, blurred; rapid; sudden”) (Baxter/Sagart, 1998)
    昒 (*m̥ɯːd, *mɯd (ZS), “dawn, daybreak; dark”)
    • Middle Chinese: 悶 / 闷 (muənH), 昏 (hūn), 婚 (hūn), 殙 (huən), 惛 (huən, huənX, huənH), 紊 (mɨunH), 懣 / 懑 (muɑnX, muənX, muənH), 忽 (huət), 昒 (huət, mɨut)
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**:

→ Japanese: 婚 (こん, ​kon)
Korean: 혼 (婚, hon)
Vietnamese: hôn (婚)

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 悶 / 闷 (mèn, /mən⁵¹/, "depressed, in low spirits"; mēn, /mən⁵⁵/, "tightly closed, suffocating, muffled"), 燜 / 焖 (mèn) (mèn, /mən⁵¹/, "to stew"), 昏 (hūn), 婚 (hūn), 殙 (hūn), 惛 (hūn, /xu̯ən⁵⁵/), 紊 (wěn) (wěn, /u̯ən²¹⁴/), 懣 / 懑 (mèn) (mèn, /mən⁵¹/), 忽 (hū), 昒 (hū) (hū, /xu⁵⁵/)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: མུན་པ (mun pa, “dark”), དམུན་པ (dmun pa, “darkened”), རྨུན་པོ (rmun po, “(archaic) dull, heavy, stupid”)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi

See also

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia