Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrča
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Action noun of *dьrkati (“to pluck, to tug”) + *-ja, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, to split”).
Noun
*dь̃rča f
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension of *dь̃rča (soft a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dь̃rča | *dь̃rči | *dь̃rčę̇ |
| genitive | *dь̃rčę̇ | *dь̃rču | *dь̃rčь |
| dative | *dь̃rči | *dь̃rčama | *dь̃rčamъ |
| accusative | *dь̃rčǫ | *dь̃rči | *dь̃rčę̇ |
| instrumental | *dь̃rčejǫ, *dь̃rčǫ** | *dь̃rčama | *dь̃rčamī |
| locative | *dь̃rči | *dь̃rču | *dь̃rčasъ, *dь̃rčaxъ* |
| vocative | *dьrče | *dь̃rči | *dь̃rčę̇ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
Descendants
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дърцам, дръцвам, дръцкам, дръцна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 465
Etymology 2
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírkjāˀ.
According to BER, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerk- (“to dim, to darken”). Likely related to Lithuanian darkùs (“dirty, nasty, bad (for weather)”), Latvian dārks (“spotted, variegarted”).[1] Further akin to Proto-West Germanic *derk (“dark”), Proto-Celtic *dergos (“crimson”), Tocharian A tärkär/Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“to darken”), apparently a variation of *dʰerk- (compare Lithuanian der̃kti (“to make dirty”) and Lithuanian dérgti (“to soil, to defile”)).
Snoj nonetheless connects *dьrča with *dьrkati, identical to Etymology 1.
Noun
*dь̀rča f
Declension
Declension of *dь̀rča (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dь̀rča | *dь̀rči | *dь̀rčę̇ |
| genitive | *dь̀rčę̇ | *dь̀rču | *dь̀rčь |
| dative | *dь̀rčī | *dь̀rčama | *dь̀rčāmъ |
| accusative | *dь̀rčǫ | *dь̀rči | *dь̀rčę̇ |
| instrumental | *dь̀rčējǫ, *dь̀rčǭ* | *dь̀rčama | *dь̀rčāmī |
| locative | *dь̀rčī | *dь̀rču | *dь̀rčāsъ |
| vocative | *dь̀rče | *dь̀rči | *dь̀rčę̇ |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *padorga (“bad weather”), *sǫdorga (“hail”)
- *drězga (“murky, densely packed space; bush, hurst”)
- *drěgavъ, *drězgavъ (“dim, murky, unclear”)
Derived terms
- *dьrčavъ (“rainy, foggy, cold (for weather)”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дърча”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 466
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “dŕča”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “darkus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 116