Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orǫdьje

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From *orǫdъ/*obrǫdъ, *orǫdь/*obrǫdь, *orǫdа/*obrǫda +‎ *-ьje (“collective”) (cf. Slovene orọ̑d m or f (“tool”)), from **oręsti/**vъręsti/**obręsti (**orędati/**vъrędati/**obrędati), from *on-/*vъn-/*ob- + **ręsti (**rędati):

• *ob- (reconstructed by ESSJa): is improbable, because *obr- > *or- is not regular. It is only supported by few Belarusian and Russian words, which may be secondary/unrelated:
  • Belarusian абру́д (abrúd, “bottom of wooden tableware”), Belarusian абру́ды (abrúdy, “bottom of bucket”, plural).
  • Russian обру́да (obrúda, “bridle”). Compare Russian оброть/обруть/обрудь (obrotʹ/obrutʹ/obrudʹ, “bridle”) (< *obrъtь)^[1].
  • Russian обруди́ть (obrudítʹ, “обшить”)
• *on-: n was early dropped by dissimilation *anrand- > *arand-,^[2][3] but examples/counterexamples are not given, except for Proto-Slavic *sumьněti < *sǫmьněti. See also *ogňь, *voda.
• Only attested verbs are Proto-Slavic *ręditi, *rędimъ (-i- type) and Slovene narèsti, naredím (-C/i- type). If latter is inherited, it would be unique in its C/i type, however: 1) there is another limited -a/i- type, 2) some -C- type verbs (ending in 'd': *ěsti, *bosti, *krasti, *klasti, *pasti, ..?) can dervive words by using *-idlo, *-ivъ, *-ьba, *-ežь suffixes which are regular for -i- type verbs.

Some authors derive it from ^{(please verify)} Old High German āranti, ^{(please verify)} aronti, ārunti, ^{(please verify)} arunti, ^{(please verify)} arundi, ^{(please verify)} ārundi n (“message, affair”)^[4] (< Proto-West Germanic *ārundī n, somehow from Proto-Germanic *airundiją n, from *airuz (“messenger”) with some suffix) without explanation why OHG *ā gave PS *o (compare Proto-Slavic *lagy).

Related to Slovincian n̕åřądło n (“?tool”),^[5] Proto-Slavic *narędьje,^[6] *narędъ,^[7] *narędьba^[8] (< *naręditi).

*orǫdьjȅ n^[9]

1. gear

• *dělo
• *orǫžьje

• *orǫdovati
• *rędъ

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: орѫдие (orǫdije)
    • Russian: ору́дье (orúdʹje)
  • Old Novgorodian: орѫдьѥ (orǫdĭje, “case, lawsuit”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: орѫдиѥ (orǫdije)
    • → Russian: ору́дие (orúdije)
  • Bulgarian: оръ́дие (orǎ́die)
  • Macedonian: орудие (orudie)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: о̀рӯђе

    Latin script: òrūđe

  • Slovene: orọ̑dje (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: orudie,
    • Czech: orudí
  • Old Polish: orędzie
    • Polish: orędzie, orędź
  • Slovincian: u̯orąʒė

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Albanian: orendi

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*orǫdьje”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obrǫdьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 120
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “орудие”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 605
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “орудие”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “оръдие”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 930
• И. П. Петлева (1982) “Этимологические заметки по славянской лексике. XI*. Континуанты *rǫd- (к *ręd-).”, in Этимология 1980, Moscow, page 36