Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/et

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Proto-Turkic

Alternative Reconstruction

Etymology

Usually considered a simplex, being one of the oldest Turkic words and found in every branch except Arghu. In some branches, *et is replaced by *(i)aĺ (or Common Turkic *aš) with the older word undergoing a semantic shift from "meat" to "body" via the intermediary compound *et +‎ *ȫz ("flesh and spirit, man").

According to Borovkov (1961), this word may be a loanword from Sogdian [1].

Altaicists compare this root with Literary Mongolian ᠠᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠ (adasqa, “skin, leather”), Orok (pē̆te, “seal meat”) (see also Manchu ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡨᡥᡳ (huwethi, “seal (animal)”), from the same supposed root, although this is not mentioned in the EDAL's entry) and Japanese 肌 (hada, “human skin”) (compared also to Proto-Japonic *panta (“skin”)). However, semantics and phonetic correspondences are hardly fit and such comparisons are severely criticized by mainstream historical linguistics.

Noun

*et

  1. meat, flesh (of both humans and animals)

Declension

Declension of *et
Singular 3)
Nominative *et
Accusative *etig, *etni1)
Genitive *etniŋ
Dative *etke
Locative *etde
Ablative *etden
Allative *etgerü
Instrumental 2) *etin
Equative 2) *etče
Similative 2) *etleyü
Comitative 2) *etligü
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Borovkov, Aleksandr Konstantinovič (1961), Бадā'и’ал-лугат: Словарь Тāли Имāни Гератского к сочинениям Алишера Навои, page 186
  2. ^ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳт”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 282
  3. ^ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳт”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 282
  • Borovkov, Aleksandr Konstantinovič (1963) “äт”, in Leksika sredneaziatskovo tefsira. [Lexicon of the Central Asian Tafsir], Moscow: Izdatelʹstvo Vostočnoj Literatury, page 115
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “et”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 33
  • Eren, Hasan (1999) “et”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 140
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) “ät”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 51
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “et”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*et”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • ElegantLexicon: Turkic Database
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