User:Victar/Reflexes/Middle Western Iranian

Consonants

PIr	PWIr	Bal	PMP	OWIr		MWIr				WIr			Examples
PIr	PWIr	Bal	PMP	OM	OP	MM	Pth	EMP	LMP	Krd	Med	Prs	PIr	Bal	PWIr	WOIr	WMIr	WIr
*b	*b	b	*b		b	*b	b						*bráHtā (“brother”)	barát	*brātā	OP brā́tā	Pth. brād, MP brād	Krd. bra, Med. barā, barāt
			*b		b			*β ‹b›^{[C 1]}
			*β^{[C 2]}				w						*naybah (“blessed”)		*naiβah	OP naibaʰ	Pth nēw, MP nēw
*č /tš/	*č	č	*č		*č ‹c›	*č	č ‹c›			č ‹ç›	č		*čárma (“skin”)	čarm	*čarma	OM *čarma, OP čarma	MM *čarm, Pth čarm, MP čarm	Krd. çerm, Krm. čarm
*č /tš/	*č	č	*ǰ^{[C 3]}		*ǰ ‹c›	*ž	ǰ > ž ‹ž, c›	*ǰ ‹c›	*ž > z ‹z›	ž ‹j›			*ráwčah (“day”)	rōč	*rauǰah	OM *rauǰah, OP raucaʰ	MM *rōǰ, Pth rōž, MP rōz	Krd. roj, Med. rū, rūj
*ǰ /dž/	*ǰ	ǰ ‹j›	*ž		*ž ‹j›	*ž	*ž ‹j›	z		ž ‹j›			*ǰánHs (“woman”)		*žanih	OM žanih, OP janih	MM *žan, Pth. žan, MP zan
*ć /ts/	*s	s	*s		θ		h						*ćuxráh (“red”)	suhr	*suxrah	OM suxrah, OP θuxrah	MM *suhr, Pth suxr, MP suxr	Krd. sûr, Krm. sūr
*ć /ts/	*s	s	*s		θ	θ	h						*Hrāθáh (“road”)		*rāθah	OP *rāθah	Pth rāh, MP rāh
*tʰ	*tʰ	tʰ	*θ			θ		s^{[C 4]}					*catám (“hundred”)		*catam	OP *θatam	Pth sad, MP sad
					š^{[C 5]}								*dáHθnah (“gift”)		*dāšnah	OM dāšnah, OP dāšnah	Pth dāšn, MP dāšn
					š^{[C 6]}
*d	*d	d	*d		d	*d	d			d			*dā́ru (“wood”)		*dāru	OM *dāru, OP dāru	MM *dār, MP dār	Krd. dār
*d	*d	d	*δ^{[C 2]}		*δ ‹d›	*y	*δ ‹d›	y					*pā́dah (“foot”)	pád	*pāδah	OM *pāδah, OP pādaʰ	MM *pāδ, Pth. pāδ, MP pāy	Krd. pē, Krm. pā
*g	*g	g	*g		g	*g	g						*gā́wš (“cow”)		*gāwš	OM gāwš, OP gāuš	MM *gāw, Pth. gāw, MP gāw
			*ǧ^{[C 2]}		*ǧ ‹g›	*ǧ	*ǧ ‹ǧ, g›	*ǧ ‹g›		k			*yugám (“yoke”)	ji	*yuǧam	OM *ǰugam, OP ǰugam	MM *ǰuǧ, Pth. yuǧ, MP ǰuǧ
								*ǧ ‹g›	*y > ∅	y			*dr̥Hgáh (“long”)		*darǧah	OM *darǧah, OP dargaʰ	MM *dēr, Pth. darǧ, EMP daǧr, LMP dēr
								*ǧ ‹g›	*y > ∅ > h	y			*taygáh (“sharp”)		*taiǧah	OP *taigah	EMP tēy, LMP tēh
								*ǧʷ > w^{[C 7]}					*mr̥gáh (“hen”)		*mr̥ʷǧah	OM mr̥ǧah, OP mr̥gah	MM *murǧ, Pth. murǧ, MP murw
*h	*h	h	*h	*h	h
*h	*h	h	*h	*h	∅^{[C 8]}	*∅	∅						*hráwtah (“stream”)		*rautah	OM *rauδah, OP rautaʰ	MM *rōy, Pth. rōd, MP rōd
*j /dz/	*j	z	*j		*δ ‹d›
					*δ > d^{[C 9]}
					š^{[C 5]}
*k	*k	k	*k		k								*káHmah (“wish”)		*kāmah	OM *kāmah, OP kāmaʰ	MP kām
*m	*m	m	*m		m
*n	*n	n	*n
*p	*p	p	*p		p			p
*p	*p	p	*p		p			b^{[C 3]}
*pʰ	*pʰ	pʰ	*f		f
*r	*r	r	*r		r
*r	*r	r					∅^{[C 10]}						*tŕ̥šnah (“thirst”)	tunnag	*tr̥šnah		Pth. tišnag, MP tišn
*s	*s	s	*s		s
*š	*š	š	*š		š
*t	*t	t	*t		t			t
*t	*t	t	*t		t			d^{[C 3]}
*w	*w	w	*w		*w ‹v›			w
							*gʷ ‹g›^{[C 11]}						*wŕ̥kah (“wolf”)		*wr̥ʷkah	OM *wr̥kah, OP vr̥kaʰ⁠	MM *warg, Pth. gurg, MP gurg
							*gʷ ‹g›^{[C 11]}						*wiHanHáh (“life, soul”)		*wyānah	OM wyānah, OP vyānah	MM , Pth. gyān, MP gyān
	*w	w	*uw^{[C 12]}
*kʰ	*kʰ	kʰ	*x		x
		kʰ			h								*taxmáh (“strong”)		*taxmah	OM taxmah, OP tahmah	MM *tahm, Pth. tahm, MP tahm
		∅			h								*táwxmā (“seed”)	tūm	*tauxmā	OM *tauxmā, OP tauʰmā	MM *tōxm, Pth. tōxm, EMP tōhm, LMP tōm
*y	*y	y	*y		y			y
		ǰ ‹j›				*j^{[C 13]}	y	*ǰ ‹y›^{[C 13]}		ǰ ‹c›			*HyúHā (“young”)		*yūwā	OM ǰuwā, OP ǰuwā	MM *ǰúwān, Pth. yuwān, MP ǰuwān	Prs. javân
		ǰ ‹j›				*h	h						*jráyah (“sea”)		*jrayah	OM zrayəh, OP draiiaʰ	MM *zrēh, Pth. zrēh
		y	*iy^{[C 12]}		iy
*z	*z	z	*z
*ž	*ž	ž	*ž		ž

Consonant clusters

PIr		PWIr	OIr		MIr			Ir			Examples
PIr		PWIr	OM	OP	MM	Pth	MP	Bal	Krd	Med	PIr	PWIr	OIr	MIr
Fr	*θr	*θr		šr^{[C 14]} > ṣ <ç>	*hr	hr	s				*putrás (“boy”)		OM *puθrah, OP puçaʰ	Pth. puhr, MP pus
Fw	*hw	*hw	*hβ > hφ?	*hw ‹ʰuv›	*f	xw					*hwáfnah (“sleep”)	*hwáfnəh	OM hφafnah, OP hvafnah	MM *farm, Pth. xwamr, MP xwamn
	*θw	*θw	*θβ	θ		f	h				*čaθwā́rah (“four”)	*čaθwārah	OM čahφārah, OP čaθārah	MM *čavōr, Pth. čafār, MP čahār
	*θw	*θw	*θβ	*θw ‹θuv›	*t	t					*θwáHam (“you”)	*θwām	OM *θwām, OP θvām	MM *tū, Pth. tū, tō, MP tū, tō
Fy	*θy	*θiy		šiy
rN	*rn				*ř	ř ‹rr›					*pr̥Hnáh (“full”)	*purnah	OM purnah, OP purnah	MM *puř, Pth. purr, MP purr
rT	*rd	*rδ		*rδ ‹rd›			l^{[C 15]}		ł ‹ll›		*ćarHdáh (“year”)		OM *sarδah, OP θardaʰ	MM *sār, Pth. sār, MP sāl
rT	*rt	*rt		*rδ ‹rd›	ṣ̌		l^{[C 15]}
rTS	*rj	*rz			rz		ł	l			*br̥jáns (“high”)	*br̥ȷ́ans	OM br̥zans, OP br̥dans	MM *buland, Pth. burzend, MP buland
rw	*rw										(“all”)		OP harvaʰ	MP har
Sw	*žw	*žw	*žβ	žw		zβ	zw				*hižwáHnah (“tongue”)	*hižwānah	OM *hižwānah, OP hazānaʰ	Pth. izβān, MP izwān
Tr	*dr	*δr		*δr ‹dr›	*θr > hr			hr			*badráh (“happy, glad”)	*baδrah	OM baδrah, OP badrah	Pth. bahr, MP bahr
Tr	*tr	*tr		θr > šr^{[C 14]} > *ṣ <ç> > š	*tr			tr			*Húštrah (“camel”)	*uštrah	OM uštrah, OP uššah	MM *uštər
TSw	*ćw	*sw	*sβ	s	*sp	sp		sp			*Hácwah (“horse”)	*aswah	OM *aspah, OP asaʰ	MM *asp, Pth. asp
TSw	*ȷ́w	*zw	*zβ	z		č	č				*ȷ́wárati (“to stagger”)	*zwarati	OP *zarati	Pth. čarēnd, MP čarēnd
Tw	*dw	*dw	*dβ	*dw ‹duv›	*b	b	d				*dwā́r (“door”)		OM dβār, OP dvār	MM *bar, Pth. bar, MP dar

Notes

^ b > β; d > δ / V_V
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ${\begin{Bmatrix}b\\d\\g\end{Bmatrix}}$ > ${\begin{Bmatrix}\beta \\\delta \\{\check {g}}\end{Bmatrix}}$ /V(r)_
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 p > b; t > d; č > ǰ / {V(r),N}_
^ θ > s / #_
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 {*s,*θ} > š / _*n
^ *θ > š / _*y
^ *ǧ > *ǧʷ > w / CV(r)_
^ *h > ∅ / _R
^ *δ > d / {#,N_}
^ r > ∅ / _š
^ wə > gu / #_
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 *y > *iy; *w > *uw / C_
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 y > ǰ / #_
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 {δ,θ} > š /_R
^ rð > l / (a>a:)_

[bd_intervocalically-1] > β; d > δ / V_V

[PIr_voicing-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ${\begin{Bmatrix}b\\d\\g\end{Bmatrix}}$ > ${\begin{Bmatrix}\beta \\\delta \\{\check {g}}\end{Bmatrix}}$ /V(r)_

[voice-VLN_-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 p > b; t > d; č > ǰ / {V(r),N}_

[4] θ > s / #_

[_n-5] 5.0 ^5.1 {*s,*θ} > š / _*n

[_y-6] *θ > š / _*y

[7] *ǧ > *ǧʷ > w / CV(r)_

[*h-loss-8] *h > ∅ / _R

[*d-devoice-9] *δ > d / {#,N_}

[10] r > ∅ / _š

[*w-strong-11] wə > gu / #_

[iyuw-12] 12.0 ^12.1 *y > *iy; *w > *uw / C_

[*y-strong-13] 13.0 ^13.1 y > ǰ / #_

[FR-14] 14.0 ^14.1 {δ,θ} > š /_R

[15] rð > l / (a>a:)_

[C 1]

[C 2]

[C 3]

[C 4]

[C 5]

[C 6]

[C 7]

[C 8]

[C 9]

[C 10]

[C 11]

[C 12]

[C 13]

[C 14]

[C 15]

User:Victar/Reflexes/Middle Western Iranian

Consonants

Consonant clusters

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