býti

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Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈbɨːci/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈbiːci/, /ˈbɛjci/

Verb

býti impf

  1. to be

Conjugation

Conjugation of býti (irregular)
infinitive supine verbal noun
býti byt bytie
Present Imperative
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st person jsem jsvě (-va) jsme (-my) – buďvě, buděvě (-va) buďme, buděm (-me/-my)
2nd person jsi jsta jste buď, budi buďta, buděta buďte, buděte
3rd person jest, je jsta jsú buď, budi buďta, buděta buďte, buděte
Sigmatic aorist Imperfect
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st person bych, běch bychově, běchově (-va) bychom, běchom (-me/-my) biech, budiech biechově, budiechově (-va) biechom, budiechom (-me/-my)
2nd person by, bě bysta, běsta (-šta) byste, běste (-šte) bieše, budieše biešta, budiešta (-sta) biešte, budiešte (-ste)
3rd person by, bě bysta, běsta (-šta) bychu, běchu bieše, budieše biešta, budiešta (-sta) biechu, budiechu
Conditional Future
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st person bych bychově (-va) bychom (-me/-my) budu budevě (-va) budem (-me/-my)
2nd person by bysta byste budeš budeta budete
3rd person by by, bysta by, bychu bude budeta budú
L-participle Passive participle
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Masculine byl byla byli — — —
Feminine byla byle byly — — —
Neuter bylo byle byla — — —
Nt-participle S-participle
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Masculine jsa, buda jsúce, budúce byv byvše
Feminine jsúci, budúci byvši
Neuter jsa, buda, jsúci, budúci byv, byvši

Note: This table shows the most common forms of býti around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Czech: být

Further reading

Old Norse

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German bûte, büte[1] (or Middle Dutch[2]), possibly ultimately from Proto-Celtic *boudi (“profit, gains; victory”), perhaps via Old Dutch *būti.

Noun

býti n (genitive býtis)[1]

  1. exchange, barter

Declension

  Declension of býti (strong ija-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative býti býtit býti býtin
accusative býti býtit býti býtin
dative býti býtinu býtum býtunum
genitive býtis býtisins býta býtanna

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Vries, Jan (1977) “býta”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary]‎ (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 68
  2. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010) “buit; buiten”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎ (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 245-246
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