Audio (General Australian): | (file) |
From crawl (“to move slowly, by dragging the body along the ground”) + -er.
crawler (plural crawlers)
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From crawl (“to act in a servile manner”) + -er.
From the Australian convict period (1788–1850); a prisoner who was purposely and extensively abused by an overseer (also a convict) and thereby driven to escape but who, finding it impossible to survive in the Australian bush, surrenders to this overseer, who would then have his penal term reduced. The particular crawler was picked for his weak personality and might escape and return a number of times increasing his own penal term each time. According to James Tucker, some convict overseers had their sentences extensively reduced using this odious practice.[1]
crawler (plural crawlers)
crawler
infinitive | simple | crawler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | crawlant /kʁo.lɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | crawlé /kʁo.le/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | crawle /kʁol/ |
crawles /kʁol/ |
crawle /kʁol/ |
crawlons /kʁo.lɔ̃/ |
crawlez /kʁo.le/ |
crawlent /kʁol/ |
imperfect | crawlais /kʁo.lɛ/ |
crawlais /kʁo.lɛ/ |
crawlait /kʁo.lɛ/ |
crawlions /kʁo.ljɔ̃/ |
crawliez /kʁo.lje/ |
crawlaient /kʁo.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | crawlai /kʁo.le/ |
crawlas /kʁo.la/ |
crawla /kʁo.la/ |
crawlâmes /kʁo.lam/ |
crawlâtes /kʁo.lat/ |
crawlèrent /kʁo.lɛʁ/ | |
future | crawlerai /kʁol.ʁe/ |
crawleras /kʁol.ʁa/ |
crawlera /kʁol.ʁa/ |
crawlerons /kʁol.ʁɔ̃/ |
crawlerez /kʁol.ʁe/ |
crawleront /kʁol.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | crawlerais /kʁol.ʁɛ/ |
crawlerais /kʁol.ʁɛ/ |
crawlerait /kʁol.ʁɛ/ |
crawlerions /kʁo.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
crawleriez /kʁo.lə.ʁje/ |
crawleraient /kʁol.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | crawle /kʁol/ |
crawles /kʁol/ |
crawle /kʁol/ |
crawlions /kʁo.ljɔ̃/ |
crawliez /kʁo.lje/ |
crawlent /kʁol/ |
imperfect2 | crawlasse /kʁo.las/ |
crawlasses /kʁo.las/ |
crawlât /kʁo.la/ |
crawlassions /kʁo.la.sjɔ̃/ |
crawlassiez /kʁo.la.sje/ |
crawlassent /kʁo.las/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | crawle /kʁol/ |
— | crawlons /kʁo.lɔ̃/ |
crawlez /kʁo.le/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |