spalgs

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Latvian

Etymology

From a variant *spalg- of Proto-Baltic *spelg-, *spilg-, *spulg- (whence also spilgts), from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spel-, *spʰel- (to shine) with an extra g. The original meaning was, as that of its cognates spilgts and spulgs, “bright, shiny,” from which it metaphorically evolved into “very loud, sharp.” Cognates include Lithuanian spal̃gė, spal̃gena, spal̃genas (cranberry) (< “bright, shiny berry”)

Pronunciation

Adjective

spalgs (definite spalgais, comparative spalgāks, superlative visspalgākais, adverb spalgi)

  1. (of sounds) (very) loud, sharp, shrill, piercing, strident, high-pitched
    kliegt, runāt spalgā balsīto scream, to speak in a shrill voice
    spalgs svilpiensa shrill, high-pitched whistle
    spalgs tālruņa zvansshrill telephone call
    spalga sirēnahigh-pitched sirene
    atskanēja spalgs šāviensa strident shot sounded
  2. (of pains) strong, sharp
    krūtīs kā karsta ogle iekrīt spalga sāpea sharp pain fell on his chest like a hot coal
  3. (of light, colors) sharp, bright, strong
    glezna bija pārāk spalga, krāsas pārāk asas un biezasthe painting was too bright(-colored), the colors too sharp and thick
    atnāks rīts ar spalgu saulimorning came with a sharp, bright sun
  4. (of weather, its elements) very cold, piercing cold
    spalgs aukstumspiercing cold
    spalga ziema, naktspiercing cold winter, night
    laukā ir spalgs, ass vējšoutside (there) is a cold, sharp wind
  5. (figuratively, of people, their actions) harsh, severe
    nu teic: es esot pārāk spalgs; un citiem: augstprātīgi lecīgsso say it: I am too harsh; to others, (I am) arrogantly provocative
    tā ir skaudru un spalgu politisku pamfletu virknethis is a caustic and harsh series of political pamphlets

Declension

Indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of spalgs
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
singular plural singular plural
nominative spalgs spalgi spalga spalgas
genitive spalga spalgu spalgas spalgu
dative spalgam spalgiem spalgai spalgām
accusative spalgu spalgus spalgu spalgas
instrumental spalgu spalgiem spalgu spalgām
locative spalgā spalgos spalgā spalgās
vocative
Definite declension (noteiktā galotne) of spalgs
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
singular plural singular plural
nominative spalgais spalgie spalgā spalgās
genitive spalgā spalgo spalgās spalgo
dative spalgajam spalgajiem spalgajai spalgajām
accusative spalgo spalgos spalgo spalgās
instrumental spalgo spalgajiem spalgo spalgajām
locative spalgajā spalgajos spalgajā spalgajās
vocative spalgo, spalgais spalgie spalgo, spalgā spalgās

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spalgs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN