собака

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Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sobàka.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔˈbɑkɑ//sɔˈbaka//sɔˈbaka/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /sɔˈbɑkɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /sɔˈbaka/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /sɔˈbaka/

  • Hyphenation: со‧ба‧ка

Noun

собака (sobakam

  1. dog

Declension

Descendants

References

  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “собака”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 455

Old Ruthenian

соба́ка

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic соба́ка (sobáka), further borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabāka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognates include Russian соба́ка (sobáka), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka) and Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka).

Noun

собака (sobakam animal or f animal (related adjective собачїй, diminutive собачка)

  1. dog
    Synonym: песъ (pes)

Declension

Descendants

Further reading

  • Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “собака”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 365
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    Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “собака, сабака”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 20

Russenorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Russian зубатка (zubatka). Unrelated to Russian собака (sobaka, dog).

Noun

собака (sobaka)

  1. Alternative form of subadtka

Synonyms

References

  • Ingvild Broch, Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: A pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag, page 124

Russian

Russian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ru
Соба́ка

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ; compare Zoroastrian Dari (sabah), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ) , Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka, dog-like). Cognates include Ukrainian соба́ка (sobáka), Belarusian саба́ка (sabáka), Polish sobaka (dialectal), Kashubian sobaka (bitch (female dog); dissolute man), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

соба́ка (sobákaf anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, masculine соба́кен, relational adjective соба́чий, diminutive соба́чка, augmentative собача́ра or соба́чище)

  1. dog
    Synonym: пёс (pjos)
    сторожева́я соба́каstoroževája sobákawatchdog
    дворо́вая соба́каdvoróvaja sobákacur, mongrel, mutt
    Вот где соба́ка зарыта!Vot gde sobáka zaryta!Now I see it!
    Его́ ка́ждая соба́ка зна́етJevó káždaja sobáka znájetEveryone knows him. (literally, “Every dog knows him”)
    голо́дный как соба́каgolódnyj kak sobákaas hungry as a dog; wolfish, rapacious
    замёрзнуть как соба́каzamjórznutʹ kak sobákato be chilled to the marrow
    злой как соба́каzloj kak sobákamad as hell (literally, “vicious as a dog”)
    ну́жный как соба́ке пя́тая нога́núžnyj kak sobáke pjátaja nogáneeded like a hole in the head (literally, “needed like a dog needs a fifth leg”)
    соба́ка на се́неsobáka na sénedog in the manger
    соба́ку съестьsobáku sʺjestʹto know something inside out
    уста́ть как соба́каustátʹ kak sobákato be dog-tired
    • 1835, Николай Гоголь, “Ноября 12.”, in Записки сумасшедшего; English translation from Claud Field, transl., Memoirs of a Madman, 1916:
      Собаки народ умный, они знают все политические отношения, и потому, верно, там будет всё: портрет и все дела этого мужа.
      Sobaki narod umnyj, oni znajut vse političeskije otnošenija, i potomu, verno, tam budet vsjo: portret i vse dela etovo muža.
      Dogs are clever fellows; they know all about politics, and I will certainly find in the letters all I want, especially the character of the director and all his relationships.
  2. hound
    соба́ка-ище́йкаsobáka-iščéjkabloodhound
  3. (derogatory, figuratively) mongrel, cur, bastard (a detestable person)
  4. (colloquial, figuratively) fox (a clever, capable person)
  5. (Internet) @ (at sign)
  6. (computing slang) watchdog timer

Declension

Hypernyms

Hyponyms

Holonyms

Derived terms

verbs
Phrases
Proverbs

Collocations

Descendants

See also

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “собака”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “собака”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 183
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “собака”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa


Ukrainian

Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia uk
собака

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian соба́ка (sobáka), from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Pronunciation

Noun

соба́ка (sobákam animal or f animal (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, diminutive соба́чка)

  1. dog (animal)
    Synonyms: (poetic) пес (pes), су́ка (súka, female dog)

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Noun

соба́ка (sobákam pers or f pers (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к)

  1. (figuratively, derogatory) scoundrel, detestable person

Declension

References