אל

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See also: ﭏ

Arabic

Noun

אל • (ʔāl)

  1. Judeo-Arabic spelling of آل (ʔāl, “family”)‎‎
    • c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir‎, Exodus 1:1:
      הדׄה אסמא בני אסראיל אלדאכׄלין אלי מצר מע יעקוב רגׄל ואלה דכׄלו׃
      hāḏihi ʔasmāʔu banī ʔisrāʔīla d-dāḵilīna ʔilā miṣra maʕa yaʕqūba rajulun wa-ʔāluhu daḵalū.
      These are the names of the sons of Israel entering Egypt. With Jacob, man and his kin entered:

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
א־ל (ʾ-l)

From Proto-Semitic *ʾil-. Cognate with Akkadian 𒀭 (ilum), Arabic إِل (ʔil), إِلَٰه (ʔilāh), Aramaic אלה (aláh).

Pronunciation

Noun

אֵל • (el) m (plural indefinite אלים, singular construct אל־, feminine counterpart אֵלָה)

  1. god (a deity or supreme being; a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers, to which personhood is attributed)
Declension
Declension of אֵל
Number Isolated forms With possessive pronouns
State Form Person singular plural
m. f. m. f.
singular indefinite אֵל first אֵלִי אֵלֵנוּ
definite הָאֵל second אֵלְךָ אֵלֵךְ אֵלְכֶם אֵלְכֶן
construct אֵל־ third אֵלוֹ אֵלָהּ אֵלָם אֵלָן
plural indefinite אֵלִים first אליי / אֵלַי אֵלֵינוּ
definite הָאֵלִים second אֵלֶיךָ אלייך / אֵלַיִךְ אֵלֵיכֶם אֵלֵיכֶן
construct אֵלֵי־ third אֵלָיו אֵלֶיהָ אֵלֵיהֶם אֵלֵיהֶן

Proper noun

אֵל • (el) m

  1. God, the God of Israel.
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Etymology unclear, perhaps related to אֵל (“a god”).

Pronunciation

Noun

אֵל • (el) m

  1. strength; (only in the phrase יש לאל ידי (“it is in my power”)).

Etymology 3

See etymology for אייל / אַיִל.

Pronunciation

Noun

אֵל • (el) m

  1. defective spelling of אֵיל: singular construct state form of אַיִל (“pillar of an archway”)‎ (Ezekiel 40:48).

Etymology 4

From Proto-Semitic *ʾila (“towards, nigh”), cognate with Akkadian 𒀀𒈾 (ana), Arabic إِلَى (ʔilā).

Pronunciation

Preposition

אֶל • (el)

  1. to, towards, into
  2. at, by
Inflection
Inflection table
Non-personal-pronoun-including form אֶל (el)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms		 Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
First person אליי / אֵלַי (elái) אֵלֵינוּ (eléinu)
Second person אֵלֶיךָ (elékha) אלייך / אֵלַיִךְ (eláyikh) אֲלֵיכֶם (aleikhém)1 אֲלֵיכֶן (aleikhén)1
Third person אֵלָיו (eláv) אֵלֶיהָ (eléha) אֲלֵיהֶם (aleihém)1 אֲלֵיהֶן (aleihén)1
Notes
  1. In Modern Hebrew, the second- and third-person plural forms are usually pronounced with leading /e/ rather than /a/.
See also

Etymology 5

Cognate with Phoenician 𐤀𐤋 (ʾl), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎍 (ảl), Akkadian 𒌑𒌌 (ul).

Pronunciation

Adverb

אַל • (ál)

  1. not, do not
    אַל תִּדְאַג. ― ál tid'ág. ― Don’t worry.
    • 2014, Daniela Spektor, אגם קפוא:
      אז אל תבוא אליי ותבקש את מה שכבר מזמן אינו שלי
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
  • In the Bible, this form is followed by a verb in the jussive; in later forms of Hebrew, including Modern Hebrew, it is followed by the future tense. For example, “do not do” is in Biblical Hebrew אַל תַּעַשׂ (al tá'as) and in Modern Hebrew אַל תַּעֲשֶׂה (al ta'asé).
  • In older texts, לֹא may be used instead, that is, as a negative participle followed by a jussive verb.
Further reading

Prefix

אַל • (ál)

  1. -less
    מָוֶת (mávet, “death”) → אַלְמָוֶת (ál'mávet, “immortality”)
    חוּט (ḥút, “wire”) → אַלְחוּטי (alḥutí, “wireless”)
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Hebrew terms prefixed with אל־

Noun

אַל • (ál)

  1. naught, nothing; (only in the phrase שָׂם לְאַל (“bring to naught”)).

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