رفتن

From Middle Persian (SGYTWN-tn' /⁠raftan⁠/, “to move, proceed”), from Proto-Iranian *Hrab- / *Hraf- (“to go”), of uncertain origin.

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to move, crawl”), in which case compare English reptile, Latin rēpō (“I creep”), Latvian rãpât, râpt, Middle High German reben (“to move, steer”), rebe (“offshoot, bud”).^[1] Edelman reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European root as *rebʰ- (“to move, hurry”) instead, and cites the Germanic cognates listed above, as well as Old Irish rebrad (“children's game”).^[2]

Alternatively, per Cheung, perhaps a blend of Proto-Iranian *Hap/f- (“to reach, attain”) and *Har- (“to go towards, reach”), the former from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to take, seize”) and cognate with Latin apīscor (“I try to seize”), the latter from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er- (“to go to, reach”) and cognate with Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go, come”).^[3]

• Audio (Iran):

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رَفتَن • (raftan) (present stem رو (rav))

1. to go
   • بیا بریم دشت از عبید زاکانی

     بیا بریم دشت.
     کدوم دشت؟
     همون دشتی که خرگوش تاب داره

     biyâ berim dašt.
     kodum dašt?
     hamun dašti ke xarguš tâb dâre.

     Come, let's go to the field.
     Which field?
     The field that has rabbits.

   رفتم خونه مامانم برای جشن تولد خواهر کوچیکم.

   raftam xune-ye mâmânam barâ-ye jašn-e tavallod-e xâhar-e kučikam.

   I went to my mom's house for my little sister's birthday party.

2. to leave
   • 2012, Yas & Aamin, Vaghte Raftan:

     سخته رفتن بس که سردم من حرف دلای شکستم
     من با هر خاطره با غم می‍رم با اینکه وابستم

     saxt-e raftan bas ke sardam man harf-e dal-a-ye šekastam
     man bâ har xâtere bâ ğam mi-ram bâ inke vâbastam

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. to depart
4. to pass away, to die

• روا (ravâ)
• روان (ravân)
• روانه (ravâne)
• روش (raveš)
• روند (ravand)
• رونده (ravande)
• رفتار (raftâr)

• (deferential) تشریف بردن (tašrif bordan)
• (antonym) آمدن (âmadan)
• (synonym) شدن (šodan)
• (reborrowing) رواج (ravâj)

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “SGYTWN-tn'”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 70

From Middle Persian (lwp- /⁠rōb-⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *raup- (“to sweep”), itself probably a semantic specialization of Proto-Iranian *raup- (“to take away, rob”), of uncertain further origin. Perhaps related to Vedic Sanskrit योप् (yop, “to wipe out, efface, remove, erase”) and Ancient Greek γῡ́ψ (gū́ps, “vulture”), the latter which has been conjecturally analyzed as a compound from Proto-Indo-European *gʷu-yup- (“taking away cows”). Cognate with Baluchi روپگ (rópag, “to sweep, broom”).

رُفتَن • (roftan) (present stem روب (rub))

1. to sweep

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “lwp-”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 319-21

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “رفتن”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

Borrowed from Classical Persian رفتن (raftan).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾəf.t̪ən/

رَفْتَن • (raftan) (Hindi spelling रफ़्तन)

1. to go
2. to pass away

Borrowed from Classical Persian رفتن (ruftan).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾʊf.t̪ən/

رُفْتَن • (ruftan) (Hindi spelling रुफ़्तन)

1. to sweep