ضد

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See also: ضدـ, and صد

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

From the root ض د د (ḍ-d-d). Likely related to Hebrew צד (tsád).

Pronunciation

Noun

ضِدّ (ḍiddm (plural أَضْدَاد (ʔaḍdād))

  1. opposite, contrast
    اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ
    as-sawādu ḍiddu l-bayāḍi
    The black is an opposite of the white.
  2. alike, equal, match, counterpart
    لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِ
    laysa lahu ḍiddun fī jtihādihi
    There is no equivalent to his diligence.
  3. (semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym
  4. antonym
  5. adversary, opponent
  6. antitoxin, antidote, anti-
Declension
Descendants
  • Azerbaijani: zidd
  • Crimean Tatar: zıt
  • Karaim: зыт
  • Krymchak: зыт
  • Ottoman Turkish: ضد (żıd, żıt)
    > Turkish: zıt (inherited)
  • Tatar: зыт (zıt)
  • Uyghur: زىت (zit)
  • Uzbek: zid

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dˤid.da/
  • Audio:(file)

Preposition

ضِدَّ (ḍidda)

  1. against
Inflection
    Inflected forms
Base form ضِدَّ (ḍidda)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person ضِدِّي (ḍiddī) ضِدَّنَا (ḍiddanā)
Second person ضِدَّكَ (ḍiddaka) ضِدَّكِ (ḍiddaki) ضِدَّكُمَا (ḍiddakumā) ضِدَّكُمْ (ḍiddakum) ضِدَّكُنَّ (ḍiddakunna)
Third person ضِدَّهُ (ḍiddahu) ضِدَّهَا (ḍiddahā) ضِدَّهُمَا (ḍiddahumā) ضِدَّهُمْ (ḍiddahum) ضِدَّهُنَّ (ḍiddahunna)

Moroccan Arabic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

Noun

ضد (ḍaddm (plural ضدود (ḍdūd) or ضدودة (ḍdūda))

  1. opposite, contrast
  2. antonym

Etymology 2

From Arabic ضِدَّ (ḍidda).

Preposition

ضد (ḍadd)

  1. against
Inflection
Inflected forms of ضد
Base form ضد (ḍadd)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person ضدي (ḍaddi) ضدنا (ḍaddna)
2nd person ضدك (ḍaddak) ضدكي (ḍaddki) ضدكم (ḍaddkum)
3rd person ضده (ḍaddu) ضدها (ḍaddha) ضدهم (ḍaddhum)

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? ziḏḏ
Dari reading? zidd
Iranian reading? zedd
Tajik reading? zidd

Adjective

Dari ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik зид, зидд

ضد (zedd)

  1. opposite
  2. contrary
  3. adversarial

Noun

Dari ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik зид, зидд

ضد (zedd)

  1. opposition
  2. contrary
    • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی, volume I, verse 3865:
      که ز ضدها ضدها آمد پدید
      در سویدا روشنایی آفرید
      ki zi zidd-hā zidd-hā āmad padīd
      dar suwaydā rōšanāyī afarīd
      For contraries are manifested by means of contraries:
      in the black core (of the heart) He (God) created the light (of love).
  3. adversary

Descendants

  • Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਿਦ (jid)
    Shahmukhi script: ضد (zid)

Etymology 2

From ضد (zedd) + ezafe.

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? ziḏḏ-i
Dari reading? zidd-i
Iranian reading? zedd-e
Tajik reading? zidd-i

Preposition

Dari ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik зидди

ضد (zedd-e)

  1. against

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ض د د
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation

Preposition

ضدّ (ḍidd)

  1. against

Urdu

Etymology

First attested in c. 1665 as Middle Hindi ضد (zid, zidd), borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ (ẓidd).

Pronunciation

Adjective

ضِد (zid) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ज़िद)

  1. (formal) contrary; opposite
    • 1987, آنریبل سیّد امیر علی, translated by محمدؐ ہادی حسین, رُوحِ اِسْلَام, Lahore, pages 16-17:
      موت کے بعد انسان کی تقدیر کے بارے میں بدھ مت کا جو تصور تھا وہ برہمی نظریوں کی عین ضد تھا
      maut ke ba'd insān kī taqdīr ke bāre mẽ budh mat kā jo tasavvar thā vo barhamī nazariyõ kī 'ain zid thā
      The Buddhist concept of the destiny of man after death was completely opposite to Brahmanist theories.

Noun

ضِد (zidf (Hindi spelling ज़िद)

  1. stubbornness (connoted with ego; anger)
    • 1986, شیخ محمد عبد اللہ, آتِشِ چِنار, Srinagar, →OCLC, page 514:
      انھوں نے بڑے اصرار کے ساتھ مجھ سے کہا کہ "ضِد چھوڑ دو۔ اِس معمولی بات پر معاملات کو بگڑنے نہ دو۔"
      unhõ ne baṛe isrār ke sāth mujh se kahā ki "zid choṛ do. is ma'mūlī bāt par mu'āmalāt ko bigaṛne na do."
      He insistently told me "Leave this stubbornness of yours. Don't let affairs deteriorate over this trivial matter."
  2. egotism, selfishness
  3. opposition, enmity, contrariety
  4. (semantics) antonym

Declension

    Declension of ضد
singular plural
direct ضِدّ (zidd) ضِدّیں (ziddẽ)
oblique ضِدّ (zidd) ضِدّوں (ziddõ)
vocative ضِدّ (zidd) ضِدّو (ziddo)

Derived terms

Further reading

  • ضد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • ضد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “ضد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “ضد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 748
  • S. W. Fallon (1879) “ضد”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 835
  • John Shakespear (1834) “ضد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC