छाया

Borrowed from Sanskrit छाया (chāyā́). Doublet of छाँव (chā̃v) and साया (sāyā).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʰɑː.jɑː/,

छाया • (chāyā) f (Urdu spelling چھایا)

1. shade, a shady place

   Synonym: छाँव (chā̃v)

   तुम्हें छाया में बैठना चाहिए, क्योंकि बहुत गर्मी है।

   tumhẽ chāyā mẽ baiṭhnā cāhie, kyõki bahut garmī hai.

   You should sit in the shade, because it is very hot.

2. shadow, silhouette

   Synonym: परछाई (parchāī)

   पृथ्वी की छाया चन्द्रमा पर है।

   pŕthvī kī chāyā candramā par hai.

   The earth's shadow is on the moon.

3. (rare) apparition, spectre
4. (figuratively) refuge, protection, shelter

• Platts, John T. (1884) “छाया”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 457
• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “छाया”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 212.

छाया f

1. Devanagari script form of chāyā

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćaHyáH (“shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀-𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (a-saiia, “shadowless”), Persian سایه (sâye, “shadow”), Latin obscūrus, Ancient Greek σκιά (skiá), English shadow.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕʰɑː.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕʰɑː.jɑː/

छाया • (chāyā́) stem, f

1. shadow; shade; shady place
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.16.38:

     उप च्छायाम् इव घृणेर् अगन्म शर्म ते वयम् ।

     upa cchāyām iva ghṛṇer aganma śarma te vayam.

     To thee for shelter are we come, as to the shade from fervent heat

2. reflection
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. shading or blending of colours; play of light or colour

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸 (chāyā)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸 (chāyā)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Garhwali: छेलु (chelu)
    • Kumaoni: छोयो (choyo), छइल (chaila)
    • Nepali: छाया (chāyā, “freckle”), छाहारि (chāhāri)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸 (chāyā), 𑀙𑀸𑀆 (chāā)
    • Assamese: ছাঁ (sã)
    • Bihari:
      • Bhojpuri: छाँह (chā̃h)
      • Maithili: छाँह (chā̃h), छाहरि (chāhari)
    • Odia: ଛାଇ (chāi)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀙𑀸𑀆 (chāā), 𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸 (chāyā)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਛਾਂ (chā̃) / چھاں (chāṉ), ਛਾ (chā)
    • Sindhi: छाँ (chā̃), छांवा (chā̃vā)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸 (chāyā), 𑀙𑀸𑀆 (chāā)
    • Gujarati: છાંયડી (chā̃yaḍī)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: छाँव (chā̃v), छाईं (chāī̃)

      Urdu: چھاؤں (chā'oṉ)

• ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸-𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*chāyā-illa)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀙𑀸𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮 (chāilla)
• ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸-𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀇𑀓𑀸 ~ *𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸-𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀇𑀓𑀸 (*chāyā-illa-ikā ~ *chāyā-ulla-ikā)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀙𑀸𑀆-𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀇𑀆 ~ *𑀙𑀸𑀆-𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀇𑀆 (*chāā-illa-iā ~ *chāā-ulla-iā)
    • Konkani:

      Devanagari script: साव्ळी (sāvḷī)

      Kannada script: ಸಾವ್ಳೀ (sāvḷī)

      Latin script: savoli

    • Old Marathi:

      Devanagari script: साउली (sāulī)

      Modi script: 𑘭𑘰𑘄𑘩𑘲 (sāulī)

      • Marathi: सावली (sāvlī)
• Dardic:
  • Gawar-Bati: (ċhāilat)
  • Kalasha: (čhak)
  • Kashmiri: ژھاے (ċhāē)
  • Khowar: (čhag)
  • Phalura: (čhay)
  • Shina: (čhāi), (čhaš)
  • Tirahi: (ċāya)
  • Torwali: (čoǰol)
  • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: (sāil)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ހިޔަނި (hiyani)
  • Sinhalese: සෙය (seya)
• Pali: chāyā
  • → Khmer: ឆាយា (chaayiə)
  • → Burmese: ဆာယာ (hcaya)
  • → Thai: ฉายา (chǎa-yaa)
• → Assamese: ছায়া (saya)
• → Bengali: ছায়া (chaẏa)
• → Hindi: छाया (chāyā)
• → Old Javanese: chāyā, cāyā
  • > Javanese: ꦕꦃꦪ (cahya) (inherited)
• → Telugu: ఛాయ (chāya)
• → Urdu: چھایا (chāyā)

• Monier Williams (1899) “छाया”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 406/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 559-60
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “chāyāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press