तीर

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Hindi

Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia hi

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

  1. shore
  2. bank
  3. margin
  4. brink
  5. edge
Declension
Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct तीर
tīr 		तीर
tīr
oblique तीर
tīr 		तीरों
tīrõ
vocative तीर
tīr 		तीरो
tīro

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Proper noun

तीर • (tīr) f (Urdu spelling تیر)

  1. Tir (fourth solar month of the Persian calendar)
  2. Mercury (planet)
Declension
Declension of तीर (sg-only fem cons-stem)
singular
direct तीर
tīr
oblique तीर
tīr
vocative तीर
tīr

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ) / HTYA / tgl (tigr, tīr, “arrow”). Compare Bengali তীর (tir), Gujarati તીર (tīr), Marathi तीर (tīr), Nepali तीर (tīra), Punjabi ਤੀਰ (tīr), Marwari तीर (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

  1. arrow
    Synonym: बाण (bāṇ)
  2. beam
  3. pole
Declension
Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct तीर
tīr 		तीर
tīr
oblique तीर
tīr 		तीरों
tīrõ
vocative तीर
tīr 		तीरो
tīro

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) ?

  1. arrow

Marwari

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

  1. shore
  2. bank

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

  1. arrow

References

  • Bhanwar, Lal Suthar, Gahlot, Sukhveer Singh (1998) राजस्थानी-हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी कोश [rājasthānī-hindī-aṅgrejī koś, Rajasthani-Hindi-English Dictionary] (in Hindi), Jodhpur: Bharat Printers (Press), page 155

Nepali

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra)[1].

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

  1. bank; edge of a river
    Synonym: किनार (kinār)
  2. shore, beach
    Synonym: तट (taṭ)
Declension
Declension of तीर
Singular Plural
nominative तीर तीरहरू
accusative तीरलाई तीरहरूलाई
instrumental/ergative तीरले तीरहरूले
dative तीरलाई तीरहरूलाई
ablative तीरबाट तीरहरूबाट
genitive तीरको तीरहरूको
locative तीरमा तीरहरूमा
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr)[2].

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

  1. arrow
    Synonyms: बाण (bāṇ), काँड (kā̃ḍ)
Declension
Declension of तीर
Singular Plural
nominative तीर तीरहरू
accusative तीरलाई तीरहरूलाई
instrumental/ergative तीरले तीरहरूले
dative तीरलाई तीरहरूलाई
ablative तीरबाट तीरहरूबाट
genitive तीरको तीरहरूको
locative तीरमा तीरहरूमा
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

References

  1. ^ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
  2. ^ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Noun

तीर n

  1. Devanagari script form of tīra (“shore”)

Declension

Declension table of "तीर" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)तीरं (tīraṃ)तीरानि (tīrāni)
Accusative (second)तीरं (tīraṃ)तीरानि (tīrāni)
Instrumental (third)तीरेन (tīrena)तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Dative (fourth)तीरस्स (tīrassa) or तीराय (tīrāya) or तीरत्थं (tīratthaṃ)तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)तीरस्मा (tīrasmā) or तीरम्हा (tīramhā) or तीरा (tīrā)तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Genitive (sixth)तीरस्स (tīrassa)तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)तीरस्मिं (tīrasmiṃ) or तीरम्हि (tīramhi) or तीरे (tīre)तीरेसु (tīresu)
Vocative (calling)तीर (tīra)तीरानि (tīrāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Mayrhofer takes the word as a lengthened grade derivative of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).[1]

An older theory by Ferdinand Kittel considers the word as "purely Dravidian"; compare Malayalam തീരം (tīraṁ).[2] Kittel was not a linguist, and the Malayalam word has the shape of a Sanskritic borrowing, which, when coupled with Mayrhofer's Indo-European derivation, makes the theory unconvincing.

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

  1. beach, shore
  2. bank of a water body
  3. the brim of a vessel
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of तीर (tīra)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तीरम्
tīram 		तीरे
tīre 		तीराणि / तीरा¹
tīrāṇi / tīrā¹
Vocative तीर
tīra 		तीरे
tīre 		तीराणि / तीरा¹
tīrāṇi / tīrā¹
Accusative तीरम्
tīram 		तीरे
tīre 		तीराणि / तीरा¹
tīrāṇi / tīrā¹
Instrumental तीरेण
tīreṇa 		तीराभ्याम्
tīrābhyām 		तीरैः / तीरेभिः¹
tīraiḥ / tīrebhiḥ¹
Dative तीराय
tīrāya 		तीराभ्याम्
tīrābhyām 		तीरेभ्यः
tīrebhyaḥ
Ablative तीरात्
tīrāt 		तीराभ्याम्
tīrābhyām 		तीरेभ्यः
tīrebhyaḥ
Genitive तीरस्य
tīrasya 		तीरयोः
tīrayoḥ 		तीराणाम्
tīrāṇām
Locative तीरे
tīre 		तीरयोः
tīrayoḥ 		तीरेषु
tīreṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants

Etymology 2

Probably a clipping of कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).[3]

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, m

  1. tin
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of तीर (tīra)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative तीरः
tīraḥ 		तीरौ / तीरा¹
tīrau / tīrā¹ 		तीराः / तीरासः¹
tīrāḥ / tīrāsaḥ¹
Vocative तीर
tīra 		तीरौ / तीरा¹
tīrau / tīrā¹ 		तीराः / तीरासः¹
tīrāḥ / tīrāsaḥ¹
Accusative तीरम्
tīram 		तीरौ / तीरा¹
tīrau / tīrā¹ 		तीरान्
tīrān
Instrumental तीरेण
tīreṇa 		तीराभ्याम्
tīrābhyām 		तीरैः / तीरेभिः¹
tīraiḥ / tīrebhiḥ¹
Dative तीराय
tīrāya 		तीराभ्याम्
tīrābhyām 		तीरेभ्यः
tīrebhyaḥ
Ablative तीरात्
tīrāt 		तीराभ्याम्
tīrābhyām 		तीरेभ्यः
tīrebhyaḥ
Genitive तीरस्य
tīrasya 		तीरयोः
tīrayoḥ 		तीराणाम्
tīrāṇām
Locative तीरे
tīre 		तीरयोः
tīrayoḥ 		तीरेषु
tīreṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

  1. a kind of arrow

References

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “tī́ra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 649-50
  2. ^ Kittel, F. (1894). A Kannada-English Dictionary. India: Basel mission book and tract depository, p. XXVII
  3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “tīra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 247

Further reading

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