दृढ

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Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dr̥ẓḍʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰr̥ždʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥ǵʰ-tó-s (strong, firm, hard), from *dʰerǵʰ- (to be firm, strong, tough, hard). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic дръжати (drŭžati, to hold), Lithuanian dir̃žti (to harden, become tough), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (darəzaiieiti, to attach), English dry. The Sanskrit root is दृह् (dṛh) or दृंह् (dṛṃh).

Pronunciation

Adjective

दृढ (dṛḍhá) stem

  1. steadfast, firm, rigid
  2. strong, adamant, staunch
  3. hefty, sinewy
  4. resolute, determined, tenacious, persevering, steady
  5. confirmed, established, certain, sure
  6. hard-and-fast, dyed-in-the-wool
  7. difficult to be bent or broken
  8. whole, complete
  9. intense, violent, mighty
  10. (mathematics) reduced to the last term or smallest number by a common divisor

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of दृढ
singular dual plural
nominative दृढः (dṛḍhaḥ) दृढौ (dṛḍhau)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ)
दृढासः¹ (dṛḍhāsaḥ¹)
accusative दृढम् (dṛḍham) दृढौ (dṛḍhau)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
दृढान् (dṛḍhān)
instrumental दृढेन (dṛḍhena) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ)
दृढेभिः¹ (dṛḍhebhiḥ¹)
dative दृढाय (dṛḍhāya) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ)
ablative दृढात् (dṛḍhāt) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ)
genitive दृढस्य (dṛḍhasya) दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām)
locative दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढेषु (dṛḍheṣu)
vocative दृढ (dṛḍha) दृढौ (dṛḍhau)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ)
दृढासः¹ (dṛḍhāsaḥ¹)
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of दृढा
singular dual plural
nominative दृढा (dṛḍhā) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ)
accusative दृढाम् (dṛḍhām) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ)
instrumental दृढया (dṛḍhayā)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढाभिः (dṛḍhābhiḥ)
dative दृढायै (dṛḍhāyai) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढाभ्यः (dṛḍhābhyaḥ)
ablative दृढायाः (dṛḍhāyāḥ)
दृढायै² (dṛḍhāyai²)
दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढाभ्यः (dṛḍhābhyaḥ)
genitive दृढायाः (dṛḍhāyāḥ)
दृढायै² (dṛḍhāyai²)
दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām)
locative दृढायाम् (dṛḍhāyām) दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढासु (dṛḍhāsu)
vocative दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ)
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of दृढ
singular dual plural
nominative दृढम् (dṛḍham) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढानि (dṛḍhāni)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
accusative दृढम् (dṛḍham) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढानि (dṛḍhāni)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
instrumental दृढेन (dṛḍhena) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ)
दृढेभिः¹ (dṛḍhebhiḥ¹)
dative दृढाय (dṛḍhāya) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ)
ablative दृढात् (dṛḍhāt) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ)
genitive दृढस्य (dṛḍhasya) दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām)
locative दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढेषु (dṛḍheṣu)
vocative दृढ (dṛḍha) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढानि (dṛḍhāni)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

Noun

दृढ (dṛḍha) stemn

  1. iron
  2. stronghold, fortress
  3. anything fixed, firm, or solid

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of दृढ
singular dual plural
nominative दृढम् (dṛḍham) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढानि (dṛḍhāni)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
accusative दृढम् (dṛḍham) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढानि (dṛḍhāni)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
instrumental दृढेन (dṛḍhena) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ)
दृढेभिः¹ (dṛḍhebhiḥ¹)
dative दृढाय (dṛḍhāya) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ)
ablative दृढात् (dṛḍhāt) दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ)
genitive दृढस्य (dṛḍhasya) दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām)
locative दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) दृढेषु (dṛḍheṣu)
vocative दृढ (dṛḍha) दृढे (dṛḍhe) दृढानि (dṛḍhāni)
दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹)
  • ¹Vedic

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “दृढ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 490, column 2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “DARH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 706-7