स्वप्न
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna).
Pronunciation
Noun
स्वप्न • (svapn) m (Urdu spelling سوپن)
Declension
Declension of स्वप्न (masc cons-stem)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- स्वप्न देखना (svapn dekhnā)
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna).
Pronunciation
Noun
स्वप्न • (svapna) n
Declension
| Declension of स्वप्न (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
स्वप्न svapna | ||
| direct plural |
स्वप्ने, स्वप्नं svapne, svapna | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
स्वप्न svapna |
स्वप्ने, स्वप्नं svapne, svapna | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
स्वप्ना svapnā |
स्वप्नां- svapnān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
स्वप्नाला svapnālā |
स्वप्नांना svapnānnā | |
| ergative | स्वप्नाने, स्वप्नानं svapnāne, svapnāna |
स्वप्नांनी svapnānnī | |
| instrumental | स्वप्नाशी svapnāśī |
स्वप्नांशी svapnānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
स्वप्नात svapnāt |
स्वप्नांत svapnāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
स्वप्ना svapnā |
स्वप्नांनो svapnānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of स्वप्न (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
स्वप्नाचा svapnāċā |
स्वप्नाचे svapnāċe |
स्वप्नाची svapnācī |
स्वप्नाच्या svapnācā |
स्वप्नाचे, स्वप्नाचं svapnāċe, svapnāċa |
स्वप्नाची svapnācī |
स्वप्नाच्या svapnācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
स्वप्नांचा svapnānċā |
स्वप्नांचे svapnānċe |
स्वप्नांची svapnāñcī |
स्वप्नांच्या svapnāncā |
स्वप्नांचे, स्वप्नांचं svapnānċe, svapnānċa |
स्वप्नांची svapnāñcī |
स्वप्नांच्या svapnāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “स्वप्न”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- স্বপ্ন (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬯᬧ᭄ᬦ (Balinese script)
- স্বপ্ন (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰪𑰢𑰿𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀯𑀧𑁆𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- သွပ္န (Burmese script)
- સ્વપ્ન (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਵਪ੍ਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌪𑍍𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦮꦥ꧀ꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂫𑂣𑂹𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ವಪ್ನ (Kannada script)
- ស្វប្ន (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ວປ຺ນ (Lao script)
- സ്വപ്ന (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠣᠸᠠᢒᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘪𑘢𑘿𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠰᢦᢒᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑧊𑧂𑧠𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐥𑑂𑐣 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢮꢦ꣄ꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆥𑇀𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖪𑖢𑖿𑖡 (Siddham script)
- ස්වප්න (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩾𑩰 𑪙𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚦𑚞𑚶𑚝 (Takri script)
- ஸ்வப்ந (Tamil script)
- స్వప్న (Telugu script)
- สฺวปฺน (Thai script)
- སྭ་པྣ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒣𑓂𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨭𑨞𑩇𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas (“sleep, dream”), from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep, dream”), from *swep- (“to sleep”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀 (xᵛafna), Latin somnus, sopor, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Lithuanian sapnas, Persian خواب (xvâb, “dream”), Old Church Slavonic сънъ (sŭnŭ), Old English swefn (whence English sweven).
Pronunciation
Noun
स्वप्न • (svápna) stem, m
- sleep, sleeping
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.28.10:
- यो मे॑ राज॒न्युज्यो॑ वा॒ सखा॑ वा॒ स्वप्ने॑ भ॒यं भी॒रवे॒ मह्य॒माह॑।
स्ते॒नो वा॒ यो दिप्स॑ति नो॒ वृको॑ वा॒ त्वं तस्मा॑द्वरुण पाह्य॒स्मान्॥- yó me rājanyújyo vā sákhā vā svápne bhayáṃ bhīráve máhyamā́ha.
stenó vā yó dípsati no vṛ́ko vā tváṃ tásmādvaruṇa pāhyasmā́n. - Protect us, Varuṇa, against every peril which a kinsman or a friend threatens me with alarmed in sleep; or from a thief or a wolf that attempts to destroy us.
- yó me rājanyújyo vā sákhā vā svápne bhayáṃ bhīráve máhyamā́ha.
- यो मे॑ राज॒न्युज्यो॑ वा॒ सखा॑ वा॒ स्वप्ने॑ भ॒यं भी॒रवे॒ मह्य॒माह॑।
- dream, dreaming
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.86.6:
- न स स्वो दक्षो॑ वरुण॒ ध्रुति॒: सा सुरा॑ म॒न्युर्वि॒भीद॑को॒ अचि॑त्तिः।
अस्ति॒ ज्याया॒न्कनी॑यस उपा॒रे स्वप्न॑श्च॒नेदनृ॑तस्य प्रयो॒ता॥- ná sá svó dákṣo varuṇa dhrúti: sā́ súrā manyúrvibhī́dako ácittiḥ.
ásti jyā́yānkánīyasa upāré svápnaścanédánṛtasya prayotā́. - It is not our own choice, Varuṇa, not our condition, that is the cause of our sinning; it is that which isintoxication, wrath, gambling, ignorance; there is a senior in the proximity of the junior; even a dream is aprovocation to sin.
- ná sá svó dákṣo varuṇa dhrúti: sā́ súrā manyúrvibhī́dako ácittiḥ.
- न स स्वो दक्षो॑ वरुण॒ ध्रुति॒: सा सुरा॑ म॒न्युर्वि॒भीद॑को॒ अचि॑त्तिः।
- sleepiness, drowsiness
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of स्वप्न (svápna) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | स्वप्नः svápnaḥ |
स्वप्नौ / स्वप्ना¹ svápnau / svápnā¹ |
स्वप्नाः / स्वप्नासः¹ svápnāḥ / svápnāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | स्वप्न svápna |
स्वप्नौ / स्वप्ना¹ svápnau / svápnā¹ |
स्वप्नाः / स्वप्नासः¹ svápnāḥ / svápnāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | स्वप्नम् svápnam |
स्वप्नौ / स्वप्ना¹ svápnau / svápnā¹ |
स्वप्नान् svápnān |
| Instrumental | स्वप्नेन svápnena |
स्वप्नाभ्याम् svápnābhyām |
स्वप्नैः / स्वप्नेभिः¹ svápnaiḥ / svápnebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | स्वप्नाय svápnāya |
स्वप्नाभ्याम् svápnābhyām |
स्वप्नेभ्यः svápnebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | स्वप्नात् svápnāt |
स्वप्नाभ्याम् svápnābhyām |
स्वप्नेभ्यः svápnebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | स्वप्नस्य svápnasya |
स्वप्नयोः svápnayoḥ |
स्वप्नानाम् svápnānām |
| Locative | स्वप्ने svápne |
स्वप्नयोः svápnayoḥ |
स्वप्नेषु svápneṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- दुःस्वप्न (duḥsvápna)
Descendants
- → Early Assamese: স্বপন (sbopono)
- Assamese: সপোন (xopün)
- → Marathi: स्वप्न (svapna)
- → Bengali: স্বপ্ন (śopno)
- Pali: soppa
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- → Hindi: स्वप्न (svapna)
- Maithili: 𑒮𑒣𑒢𑒰 (sapanā)
- → Kannada: ಸ್ವಪ್ನ (svapna)
- → Malayalam: സ്വപ്നം (svapnaṁ)
- → Tamil: சொப்பனம் (coppaṉam)
- → Telugu: స్వప్నము (svapnamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “स्वप्न”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1280/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 791