丘墟

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Chinese

		mound; hill; Confucius mound; hill; Confucius; given name	old burial grounds
trad. (丘墟)		丘	墟
simp. ^#(丘墟)		丘	墟
alternative forms		丘虛／丘虚邱墟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiūxū

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡㄒㄩ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ heoi¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiūxū
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciousyu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiu¹-hsü¹
  - Yale: chyōu-syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chioushiu
  - Palladius: цюсюй (cjusjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹ heoi¹
  - Yale: yāu hēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ hoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ hêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ hɵy̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: khjuw khjo

Rime
Character	丘	墟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去鳩切	去魚切
Baxter	khjuw	khjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨu/	/kʰɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiu/	/kʰiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəu/	/kʰiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuw/	/kʰɨə̆/
Li Rong	/kʰiu/	/kʰiɔ/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəu/	/kʰĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ə̯u/	/kʰi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiū	qū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau¹	heoi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʷʰə C.qʰ(r)a/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ kʰa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丘	墟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiū	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjuw ›	‹ khjo ›
Old Chinese	/*ʷʰə/	/*C.qʰ(r)a/
English	hill, mound	hill, mound; abandoned city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丘	墟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10523	5255
Phonetic component	丘	虍
Rime group	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	丘	虚
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷɯ/	/*kʰa/
Notes		同虛

Noun

丘墟

(literary) wasteland; ruins
- 紂殺親戚、不聽諫者，國為丘墟，遂危社稷。
  纣杀亲戚、不听谏者，国为丘墟，遂危社稷。
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Zhòu shā qīnqī, bù tīng jiàn zhě, guó wéi qiūxū, suì wēi shèjì.
  Zhou had his relatives killed, did not listen to admonitions; his state was falling into ruin, therefore endangering the altars of the soil and grains.
(literary) grave; tomb

Adjective

丘墟

(literary) ruined; dilapidated; desolate
- 嗚呼！勝地不常，盛筵難再；蘭亭已矣，梓澤丘墟。
  呜呼！胜地不常，盛筵难再；兰亭已矣，梓泽丘墟。
  From: 7th century, 王勃 (Wang Bo), 滕王閣序
  Wūhū! Shèngdì bùcháng, shèngyán nán zài; Lántíng yǐ yǐ, Zǐzé qiūxū.
  Alas, those famous sites cannot be eternal, and splendid banquet may be hard to find again. The site of Lanting Banquet is gone, Shi Cong's magnificent Zize is dilapidated.

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