莞爾

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Chinese

smile
thus; so; like that
thus; so; like that; you; thou
 
trad. (莞爾) 莞 爾
simp. (莞尔) 莞 尔

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 莞 爾
Reading # 3/3 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 刪 (70) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 戸板切 兒氏切
Baxter hwaenX nyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠuanX/ /ȵiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚanX/ /ȵiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɐnX/ /ȵʑjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaɨnX/ /ȵiə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuanX/ /ȵieX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣwanX/ /ȵʑǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣwanX/ /ȵʑie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huàn ěr
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		waan6 ji5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 爾
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ěr
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyeX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nʔ/
English (adv. suffix)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 莞 爾
Reading # 3/3 1/1
No. 16140 2817
Phonetic
component 		元 爾
Rime
group 		元 歌
Rime
subdivision 		3 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		睆 爾
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦŋroːnʔ/ /*njelʔ/
Notes 說文尒聲，甲金文象檷初文，
取林義光說

Adjective

莞爾

  1. (literary) smiling
    莞爾一笑／莞尔一笑  ―  wǎn'ěryīxiào  ―  give a soft smile

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (莞爾):
  • → Japanese: 莞(かん)爾(じ) (kanji)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
莞 爾
かん
Jinmeiyō 		じ
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Adjective

莞(かん)爾(じ) • (kanji) †-tari (adnominal 莞(かん)爾(じ)とした (kanji to shita) or 莞(かん)爾(じ)たる (kanji taru), adverbial 莞(かん)爾(じ)と (kanji to) or 莞(かん)爾(じ)として (kanji to shite))

  1. smiling
    Synonyms: にっこり (nikkori), 微笑み (hohoemi)
    莞(かん)爾(じ)として笑(わら)う
    kanji to shite warau
    to smile cheerfully, to beam with a smile

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "莞爾たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 莞爾たら かんじたら kanzitara
Continuative (連用形) 莞爾と
莞爾たり		 かんじと
かんじたり		 kanzito
kanzitari
Terminal (終止形) 莞爾たり かんじたり kanzitari
Attributive (連体形) 莞爾たる かんじたる kanzitaru
Realis (已然形) 莞爾たれ かんじたれ kanzitare
Imperative (命令形) 莞爾たれ かんじたれ kanzitare
Key constructions
Negative 莞爾たらず かんじたらず kanzitarazu
Contrasting conjunction 莞爾たれど かんじたれど kanzitaredo
Causal conjunction 莞爾たれば かんじたれば kanzitareba
Conditional conjunction 莞爾たらば かんじたらば kanzitaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 莞爾たりき かんじたりき kanzitariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 莞爾たりけり かんじたりけり kanzitarikeri
Adverbial 莞爾と かんじと kanzito
Without auxiliary verb.
With auxiliary verb.

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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