蕭瑟

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Chinese

		mournful	(mus. instr.)
trad. (蕭瑟)		蕭	瑟
simp. (萧瑟)		萧	瑟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiāosè

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠㄙㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): siu¹ sat¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siau-siak / siau-sek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiāosè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠㄙㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siaosè
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao¹-sê⁴
  - Yale: syāu-sè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiauseh
  - Palladius: сяосэ (sjaosɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: siu¹ sat¹
  - Yale: sīu sāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: siu¹ sat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: xiu¹ sed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯⁵⁵ sɐt̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    消失
    蕭瑟 / 萧瑟
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-siak
  - Tâi-lô: siau-siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siausiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-sek
  - Tâi-lô: siau-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siauseg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: sew srit

Rime
Character	蕭	瑟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)	櫛 (51)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	蘇彫切	所櫛切
Baxter	sew	srit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/seu/	/ʃɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/seu/	/ʃɪt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/seu/	/ʃiet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛw/	/ʂit̚/
Li Rong	/seu/	/ʃiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sieu/	/ʃĭet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sieu/	/ʂi̯æt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāo	she
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu¹	sat¹

Adjective

蕭瑟

rustling in the air; soughing
- 秋風蕭瑟，洪波湧起。
  秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。
  From: Cao Cao (155-220), 觀滄海
  Qiūfēng xiāosè, hóngbō yǒng qǐ.
  The autumn wind soughs,
  great waves surge up.
bleak; desolate

Japanese

Kanji in this term
蕭	瑟
しょう Hyōgai	しつ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょーしつ (Heiban – )
IPA^(key):

Adjective

蕭(しょう)瑟(しつ) • (shōshitsu) ^{←せうしつ (seusitu)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 蕭(しょう)瑟(しつ)とした (shōshitsu to shita) or 蕭(しょう)瑟(しつ)たる (shōshitsu taru), adverbial 蕭(しょう)瑟(しつ)と (shōshitsu to) or 蕭(しょう)瑟(しつ)として (shōshitsu to shite))

rustling in the air; soughing

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "蕭瑟たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	蕭瑟たら	しょうしつたら	syousitu tara
Continuative (連用形)	蕭瑟と蕭瑟たり	しょうしつとしょうしつたり	syousitu to syousitu tari
Terminal (終止形)	蕭瑟たり	しょうしつたり	syousitu tari
Attributive (連体形)	蕭瑟たる	しょうしつたる	syousitu taru
Realis (已然形)	蕭瑟たれ	しょうしつたれ	syousitu tare
Imperative (命令形)	蕭瑟たれ	しょうしつたれ	syousitu tare
Key constructions
Negative	蕭瑟たらず	しょうしつたらず	syousitu tarazu
Contrasting conjunction	蕭瑟たれど	しょうしつたれど	syousitu taredo
Causal conjunction	蕭瑟たれば	しょうしつたれば	syousitu tareba
Conditional conjunction	蕭瑟たらば	しょうしつたらば	syousitu taraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	蕭瑟たりき	しょうしつたりき	syousitu tariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	蕭瑟たりけり	しょうしつたりけり	syousitu tarikeri
Adverbial	蕭瑟と	しょうしつと	syousitu to
Without auxiliary verb. With auxiliary verb.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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