ма

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ма • (ma)

1. expresses disbelief, surprise, empathy

   Ма, то наистина било хубаво! ― Ma, to naistina bilo hubavo! ― Hey, it is indeed good!

2. expresses irritation, objection, impatiance

   Ма, какво му мислите толкова? ― Ma, kakvo mu mislite tolkova? ― Jeez, what are you analysing so much!

• “ма⁴”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ма”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 39
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593

Borrowed from some neighbouring language. See Greek μα (ma), Italian ma.

ма • (ma)

1. (colloquial) but, however

   Ще ти купя сладолед, ма друг път. ― Šte ti kupja sladoled, ma drug pǎt. ― I will buy you an icecream, however, at another time.

• а́ма (áma, “however”) (Ottoman Turkish borrowing of Arabic origin)

• “ма³”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593

Shortening of мома́ (momá, “girl, maid”) and/or мо́ре (móre) (evocative intensifier).

ма • (ma)

1. (derogatory) placed at the end of a sentence, when directed at a woman, as an offensive intensifier
   • Пепи, каква е тая бира, ма?

     Pepi, kakva e taja bira, ma?

     Pepi, what the hell is this beer, lass?

• “ма¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “ма”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма⁴”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593

Cognate to Standard Mandarin 馬／马 (mǎ)

ма • (ma)

1. horse
2. Ma, surname

Cognate to Standard Mandarin 媽／妈 (mā)

ма • (ma)

1. mother

Cognate to Standard Mandarin 罵／骂 (mà)

ма • (ma)

1. to scold

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

ма (ma)(Surgut)

1. I, me

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

• Volkova, A. N., Solovar, V. N. (2018) “ма”, in Хантыйско-русский тематический словарь (сургутский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Thematic Dictionary (Surgut dialect)]‎ (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: РГПУ имени А.И. Герцена, →ISBN
• Volkova, A. N., Solovar, V. N. (2016) “ма”, in Краткий русско-хантыйский словарь (сургутский диалект) [Short Russian-Khanty Dictionary (Surgut dialect)]‎ (in Russian), Khanty-Mansiysk: Югорский формат, →ISBN

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /mɑ/

ма • (ma)

1. whether, if

   толат ма уке, мылам садак

   tolat ma uke, mylam sadak

   I don't care if you come or not

2. (ма... ма) whether... or

   ял ма, ола ма - илыш чыла вере икгаяк

   jal ma, ola ma - ilyš čyla vere ikgajak

   in the country or in the city, life is the same everywhere

ма • (ma)

1. interrogative particle

   толат ма?

   tolat ma?

   are you coming?

• J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ма”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod), Ossetian мыд (myd) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.

Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Zyrian ма (ma).

• IPA^(key): /ˈma/,
• Hyphenation: ма

ма • (ma)

1. honey

• R. M. Batalova, A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985) Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary]‎, Moscow: Русский язык, page 240

From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.

Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Permyak ма (ma).

• IPA^(key): /ˈma/,
• Hyphenation: ма

ма • (ma)

1. honey

• A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 121
• L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 376

• IPA^(key):

ма • (ma)

1. (vulgar, derogatory) Placed at the end of an utterance as an offensive intensifier (usually when addressing women)

From Byzantine Greek μά (má), borrowed from Old Italian ma. Cognates include Greek μα (ma).

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ма

ма • (ma) (emphatic form а́ма)

1. but
2. like

• A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ма”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
• G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса‎, Donetsk, page 34

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key):

ма (ma) (Kazym, Priuralsky)

1. me, I

• Solovar, V. N. (2014) “ма”, in Хантыйско-русский Словарь (казымский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Dictionary (Kazym Dialect)]‎, Khanty-Mansiysk: ООО «ФОРМАТ», →ISBN, page 174

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁.

ма • (ma)

1. (Iron, Difor) prohibitive particle

   ма тӕрс ― ma tærs ― don't be afraid

• Bigulajev, B. B., Gagkajev, K. Je., Kulajev, N. X., Tuajeva, O. N. (1970) “ма”, in A. M. Kasajev, editor, Осетинско-русский словарь [Ossetian–Russian Dictionary], 3rd edition, Ordzhonikidze: Ir
• Takazov, F. M. (2003) “ма”, in Дигорско-русский словарь [Digor–Russian Dictionary], Vladikavkaz: Alania
• Abajev, V. I. (1973) “ma”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 60f

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: ма

ма (ma)

1. third-person singular present of мац (mac)

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Hyphenation: ма

ма (ma)

1. take it!
   • 2000, V. K. Spiridonov, I. A. Nikolaeva, Букварь для 1 класса юкагирских школ [A primer for the 1st class of Yukaghir schools], Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 11:

     Эм-мээ, ма!

     Em-mē, ma!

     Mum-my, take!

• Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 30

From Proto-Permic , from Proto-Uralic *mi. Cognates include Moksha мезе (meźe), Veps mi and Hungarian mi.

Permic ognates include Komi-Zyrian мый (myj) and Komi-Yazva мөй (måj).

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -ä
• Hyphenation: ма

ма • (ma)

1. (interrogative) what

   Synonym: мар (mar)

• L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ма”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 418
• T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 46
• Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153