罵

See also: 駡 and 骂

罵	U+7F75, 罵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F75

← 罴

CJK Unified Ideographs

罶 →

Translingual

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 949, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28333
Dae Jaweon: page 1390, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4547, character 8
Unihan data for U+7F75

Chinese

trad.		罵/駡
simp.		骂
alternative forms		傌／骂嗎／吗𩡿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (馬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
馬	*mraːʔ
碼	*mraːʔ
罵	mraːʔ, mraːs
鷌	*mraːʔ
鰢	*mraːʔ
瑪	*mraːʔ
榪	*mraːs
傌	*mraːs
禡	*mraːs
媽	*maːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ, *mraːs) : semantic 网 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mà (ma⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ма (ma, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ma
Eastern Min (BUC): má
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): mē / mēe / mā / mǎ / mī

(Teochew, Peng'im): mên⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶mo

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mà
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mà
  - Wade–Giles: ma⁴
  - Yale: mà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mah
  - Palladius: ма (ma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ма (ma, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: maa⁶
  - Yale: mah
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma
  - Hakka Romanization System: ma
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ma⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ma⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: má
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mē
  - Tâi-lô: mē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: me
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /mẽ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /mẽ²²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /me²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mēe
  - Tâi-lô: mēe
  - IPA (Penang): /mɛ²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mā
  - Tâi-lô: mā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ma
  - IPA (Philippines): /ma⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mã³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /mã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ma²²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /mã²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mǎ
  - Tâi-lô: mǎ
  - IPA (Lukang): /mã³³/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mī
  - Tâi-lô: mī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mi

Note:

Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese:
- mē/mēe - vernacular;
- mā - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: mên⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mēⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /mẽ¹¹/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶mo
  - MiniDict: mo^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mo
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²³/

Middle Chinese: maeX, maeH

Rime
Character	罵	罵
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	莫下切	莫駕切
Baxter	maeX	maeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠa^X/	/mˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚa^X/	/mᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ma^X/	/ma^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨ^X/	/maɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ma^X/	/ma^H/
Wang Li	/ma^X/	/ma^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ma^X/	/ma^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǎ	mà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maa⁵	maa⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤra-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ/, /*mraːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mà
Middle Chinese	‹ mæ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.mˁra-s/
English	scold, revile
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罵	罵
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8717	8721
Phonetic component	馬	馬
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	馬	禡
Old Chinese	/*mraːʔ/	/*mraːs/
Notes	見史記	見史記

Definitions

罵

to chide; to blame
to curse; to swear
to scold

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 罵 (“to scold”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		罵
Mandarin	Beijing	罵, 啳
	Taiwan	罵
	Jinan	罵, 啳
	Xi'an	罵, 噘
	Wuhan	罵, 通
	Chengdu	罵
	Guilin	罵
	Yangzhou	罵
	Hefei	抽, 噘
	Malaysia	罵
	Singapore	罵
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鬧, 插, 屌 vulgar
	Hong Kong	鬧, 插, 屌 vulgar
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	鬧
	Macau	鬧
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	鬧
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鬧
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	鬧
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	怒
	Foshan	鬧
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	嗌
	Foshan (Shunde)	鬧
	Foshan (Sanshui)	鬧
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	鬧
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	鬧
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	鬧
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	鬧
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	鬧
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	鬧
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	鬧
	Taishan	鬧
	Kaiping (Chikan)	鬧
	Enping (Niujiang)	鬧
	Heshan (Yayao)	鬧
	Dongguan	鬧
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鬧
	Yangjiang	數
	Beihai	嬲
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	嬲
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	嬲
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	嬲
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	鬧
	Singapore (Guangfu)	鬧
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	鬧
	Móng Cái	嬲
Gan	Nanchang	罵
Hakka	Meixian	罵
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	鬧
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	罵
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	罵
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	罵
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	罵
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	罵
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	罵
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	罵
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	罵
	Singapore (Dabu)	罵
Jin	Taiyuan	罵
Northern Min	Jian'ou	罵, 詈
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	罵, 嚗
Southern Min	Xiamen	罵, 詈
	Quanzhou	罵, 詈
	Jinjiang	罵
	Zhangzhou	罵, 詈
	Zhao'an	罵
	Taipei	罵
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	罵
	Kaohsiung	罵
	Yilan	罵
	Changhua (Lukang)	罵
	Taichung	罵
	Tainan	罵
	Hsinchu	罵
	Kinmen	罵
	Penghu (Magong)	罵
	Penang (Hokkien)	罵
	Singapore (Hokkien)	罵, 姦 vulgar
	Manila (Hokkien)	罵, 𧮙
	Chaozhou	罵
	Shantou	罵
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	罵
	Jieyang	罵
	Singapore (Teochew)	罵
	Wenchang	罵
	Singapore (Hainanese)	罵
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	罵
Wu	Suzhou	罵
	Ningbo	𧮙
	Wenzhou	𧮙, 謴
Xiang	Changsha	罵, 咒, 反
Xiang	Shuangfeng	咒, 罵

Compounds

References

“Entry #11317”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

罵

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: め (me)^{←め (me, historical)}
Kan-on: ば (ba, Jōyō)^{←ば (ba, historical)}
Kun: ののしる (nonoshiru, 罵る, Jōyō)^{←ののしる (nonosiru, 罵る, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
罵
ば Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 罵 (MC maeX|maeH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Affix

罵(ば) • (ba)

abuse; insult

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 罵 (MC maeX|maeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 마〯 (mǎ) (Yale: mǎ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): ~
Phonetic hangul:
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

罵

Wikisource

罵 (eumhun 꾸짖을 매 (kkujijeul mae))

Hanja form^? of 매 (“to scold”).

Compounds

매도 (罵倒, maedo)
매성 (罵聲, maeseong)
모매 (侮罵, momae)
타매 (唾罵, tamae)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

罵: Hán Nôm readings: mạ, mắng, mà, mựa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

罵

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Pronunciation

Affix

Korean

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia