سال

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See also: ساڵ, سأل, and شال

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
س ي ل (s-y-l)

Verb

سَالَ (sāla) I, non-past يَسِيلُ‎ (yasīlu)

  1. to flow, to run
  2. to stretch over a horse's forehead and nose (of a white spot)
Conjugation

Etymology 2

From the root س و ل (s-w-l), alternative form of س ء ل (s-ʔ-l).

Verb

سَالَ (sāla) I, non-past يَسَالُ‎ (yasālu)

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of سَأَلَ (saʔala)

References

Baluchi

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.

Noun

سال (sál)

  1. year

Kashmiri

Pronunciation

Noun

سال (sālf (Devanagari साल)

  1. sister-in-law (wife’s sister)

Noun

سال (sālm (Devanagari साल)

  1. invitation to a function (a dinner, lunch, etc.)

Moroccan Arabic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saːl/
  • (file)

Etymology 1

Root
س ي ل
1 term

From Arabic سَالَ (sāla).

Verb

سال (sāl) I (non-past يسيل (ysīl))

  1. to flow, to run
Conjugation
    Conjugation of سال
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m سلت (salt) سلتي (salti) سال (sāl) سلنا (salna) سلتوا (saltu) سالوا (sālu)
f سالت (sālet)
non-past m نسيل (nsīl) تسيل (tsīl) يسيل (ysīl) نسيلوا (nsīlu) تسيلوا (tsīlu) يسيلوا (ysīlu)
f تسيلي (tsīli) تسيل (tsīl)
imperative m سيل (sīl) سيلوا (sīlu)
f سيلي (sīli)

Etymology 2

Root
س و ل
2 terms

From Arabic سَأَلَ (saʔala).

Verb

سال (sāl) I (non-past يسال (ysāl))

  1. to be owed money
  2. (dated) to ask
    Synonyms: سقصى (saqṣa), سول (sawwal)
Conjugation
    Conjugation of سال
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m سلت (salt) سلتي (salti) سال (sāl) سلنا (salna) سلتوا (saltu) سالوا (sālu)
f سالت (sālet)
non-past m نسال (nsāl) تسال (tsāl) يسال (ysāl) نسالوا (nsālu) تسالوا (tsālu) يسالوا (ysālu)
f تسالي (tsāli) تسال (tsāl)
imperative m سال (sāl) سالوا (sālu)
f سالي (sāli)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /⁠θard⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? sāl
Dari reading? sāl
Iranian reading? sâl
Tajik reading? sol

Noun

Dari سال
Iranian Persian
Tajik сол

سال (sâl) (plural سال‌ها (sâl-hâ) or سالیان (sâliyân))

  1. year

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Azerbaijani: sal
  • Bengali: সাল (śal)
  • Gujarati: સાલ (sāl)
  • → Hindustani:
  • Punjabi: سال (sāl)
  • Sindhi: سال

References

  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “sāl”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  • Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 220

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Noun

سال (sālm (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਲ)

  1. year

Further reading

  • Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “سال”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Saraiki

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Pronunciation

Noun

سال (sālm

  1. year

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Noun

سال (sālum (Devanagari सालु)

  1. year

Urdu

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Noun

سال (sālm (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. year

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

Noun

سال (sālm (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. saul tree and its wood (Shorea robusta)

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit शल्य (śalya).

Noun

سال (sālm (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. thorn

Etymology 4

From Sanskrit शाला (śālā).

Noun

سال (sālf (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. house
  2. hall
  3. place

Etymology 5

From Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla).

Noun

سال (sālm (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. jackal

Uyghur

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sāl. Cognates with Turkish sal.

Pronunciation

Noun

سال (sal) (plural ساللار (sallar))

  1. a raft

References

  1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “sa:l”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 824
  2. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sāl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Further reading

  • Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN