ऋण

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋण (ṛṇá).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɾɪɳ/,

ऋण • (ŕṇ) m

1. (finance) debt, loss
2. (mathematics, dated) subtraction sign
3. (chemistry, in compounds) negative charge

   Synonym: ऋणावेश (ŕṇāveś) (independently)

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋण (ṛṇa).

• IPA^(key): /ɾuɳ/,

ऋण • (ŕṇ)

1. (mathematics) negative

   Synonym: धन (dhan)

ऋण • (ŕṇ) n

1. (finance) debt, loss

   Synonym: कर्ज (karj̈a)

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “ऋण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥nás, *Harnás (“debt, guilt”).^[1] Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬝𐬹𐬗𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (ar^ənat̰ caēša, “punishing guilt”), Khotanese (ārra, “fault”), and possibly Hittite (ar-nu-, “to pay for debts, make up damage”).^[2]

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /r̩.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈr̩.ɳɐ/

ऋण • (ṛṇá) stem, n

1. anything due, obligation, duty, debt
2. the obligations of a Brahman
3. anything wanted or missed
4. a debt of money, money owed
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.47.2:

     कृ॒तानीद॑स्य॒ कर्त्वा॒ चेत॑न्ते दस्यु॒तर्ह॑णा।
     ऋ॒णा च॑ धृ॒ष्णुश्च॑यते॥

     kṛtā́nī́dasya kártvā cétante dasyutárhaṇā.
     ṛṇā́ ca dhṛṣṇúścayate.

     His task is done: his crushings of the Dasyus are made manifest:
     He sternly reckoneth their debts.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
   • c. 800 BCE, Yājñavalkya
5. guilt
6. (mathematics) a negative quality, minus
7. water
8. fort, stronghold

• Gandhari: 𐨀𐨁𐨣 (ina)
• → Gujarati: ઋણ (ŕṇa)
• Marathi: ऋण (ŕṇ)
• Pali: iṇa
• → Tamil: இரணம் (iraṇam), இருணம் (iruṇam), ரணம் (raṇam)

ऋण • (ṛṇá)

1. going, flying, fugitive
2. guilty, having gone against or transgressed

• Monier Williams (1899) “ऋण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 225/3.