-ettem

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See also: ettem

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From -ett (past-tense suffix) +‎ -em (first-person singular suffix).

Suffix

-ettem

  1. (past-tense suffix) Forms the first-person singular past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugation).
    fest (to paint)Fehérre festettem a falakat.I painted the walls white.
    segít (to help)Segítettem a nagymamámnak főzni.I helped my grandmother cook.
    megért (to understand)Megértettem a feladatot.I understood the task.
Usage notes
  • (past-tense suffix) Variants:
    -tam is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -tem is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -ttam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (, , ó, , , szí)
    -ttem is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (, , , , nyű, sző)
    -ottam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, hat, jut, nyit, except lát)
    -ettem is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
    -öttem is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)

Etymology 2

From -et (causative suffix) +‎ -t (past-tense suffix) +‎ -em (first-person singular suffix).

Suffix

-ettem

  1. (past-tense causative suffix) Forms the first-person singular causative past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugations), used with -val/-vel, e.g. vele, velük etc., otherwise coinciding with the above forms.
    fest (to paint) + ‎-ettem → ‎festettem (I had him/her/them paint it)
    megért (to understand)Megértettem velük, hogy számomra ez a helyes döntés.I made them understand that this was the right decision for me.
Usage notes

Homonymy exists between regular and causative past tense forms of consonant + t types of front-vowel verbs, in all the six persons, both with definite and indefinite endings, except for the third-person singular indefinite form (-ettem, -ettél, –, -ettünk, -ettetek, -ettek; -ettem, -etted, -ette, -ettük, -ettétek, -ették; -ettelek). On the other hand, other types of front-vowel verbs as well as back-vowel verbs take different forms for the regular and the causative past tense (e.g. -ottam and -attam, e.g. ugrottam and ugrattam among similar back-vowel verbs, other front-vowel verb types having clearly distinct forms: kértem vs. kérettem, kerestem vs. kerestettem). However, the -val/-vel argument is compulsory with the causative sense, so it makes the distinction easier (e.g. megértettem velük a különbséget – “I made them understand the difference”).

See also