Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wesaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• IPA^(key): /ˈwe.sɑ.nɑ̃/

From two different Proto-Indo-European roots:^[1]

• The present tense from *h₁ésti, from *h₁es- (“to be”).
• The past tense from *h₂wes- (“to dwell, stay”).

*wesaną

2. to be

   Synonym: *beuną

3. to remain
4. to exist

This verb is suppletive. The past and imperative are conjugated with the strong class 5 stem wes-, the remainder with an irregular stem (i)s-.

• *atwesaną
• *furaiwesaną
• *gawesaną
• *wēziz
• *wezōną
• *wistiz

This section only lists descendants of the infinitive form, *wesaną. For other inflections, see the #Inflection section above.

• Proto-West Germanic: *wesan
  • Old English: wesan
    • >? Middle English: wesen (“to tend flocks, pasture”)
  • Old Frisian: wēsa
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: wees

      Halligen: weese

      Helgoland: wees

      Mooring: weese

    • Saterland Frisian: weze
    • West Frisian: wêze
  • Old Saxon: wesan
    • Middle Low German: wēsen
      • Dutch Low Saxon: waen
      • German Low German: wesen, ween
  • Old Dutch: wesan, weson
    • Middle Dutch: wēsen
      • Dutch: wezen
        • Afrikaans: wees
        • Jersey Dutch: wêze
        • Negerhollands: wees, wis
      • Limburgish: waeze
  • Old High German: wesan
    • Middle High German: wësen
• Proto-Norse:
  • Old Norse: vesa (early), vera
    • Icelandic: vera
    • Faroese: vera
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: vera; (dialectal) vè, vårå, vørå, vørrø, vara, va
    • Jamtish: vara, ve
    • Elfdalian: wårå
    • Old Swedish: vara, væra, væræ
      • Swedish: vara
    • Old Danish: wæræ, waræ
      • Danish: være
        • Norwegian Bokmål: være
    • Old Gutnish: wara
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (wisan)

From Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to graze”). Related to Proto-Celtic *westā (“food, feast”), Latin vēscor (“to make use of”).^[2][3]

*wesaną

2. to consume, feast

• *frawesaną
• *wistiz

• Proto-West Germanic: *wesan
  • >? Old English: wesan (“to feast”)
    • >? Middle English: wesen (“to tend, pasture”)
  • Old High German: *wesan
    • ⇒ Old High German: ferwesan (“to waste, consume”) (only in glosses)
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (wisan)