Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ür

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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Reconstruction notes

The roundedness of this suffix are preserved by Old Anatolian Turkish, but in other languages have instead unrounded to *-ir. Also in Turkish and Tatar, this suffix merged with the so-called "aorist" suffix *-er to form an unpredictable choice on simple present suffixes (i.e. Turkish bilir, olur, but eder).

Suffix

*-ür

  1. Suffix creating positive present tense.
    ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*sebür (“She/he/it loves.”)
    Antonym: *-meŕ
  • *-ti (past tense seen or clear)
  • *-miĺ (past tense heard or unclear)
  • *-gan (verbal adjective)
  • *-sa (verbal adverb; if)
  • *-de (locative case)
  • *-den (ablative case)
  • *-niŋ (genitive case)

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: -ӗр (-ĕr), -ӑр (-ăr), -р (-r)
  • Common Turkic:

Etymology 2

Alternative reconstructions

Suffix

*-ür

  1. Suffix creating causative form of verb.
    ‎*keč- (“to pass”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečür- (“to pass something or someone”)
    ‎*büt- (“to be end”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*bütür- (“to end”)
    Synonyms: *-tur, *-t

Usage notes

  1. Unlike the *-tur, it is not a productive suffix in modern Turkic languages. So, if it does not exists, you can not product a new verb with *-Ur, but you can with *tUr.
  2. If the verb has this suffix once, then the second time it takes the -t form.
    ‎*kečür- (“to pass someone or something”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečürt- (“to cause to pass someone or something”)
  3. The third time it takes this suffix, it takes the form -tUr.
    ‎*kečürt- (“to cause to pass someone or something”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečürttür- (“to cause to cause to pass someone or something”)
  4. And if it is asked to take more, it takes the forms -t and -tUr respectively.
    ‎*kečürttür- (“to cause to cause to pass someone or something”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečürttürt- (“to cause to cause to cause someone or something”) (Today, Turkic languages do not go that far, but it becomes a grammatically correct verb.)
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