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Translingual
Prefixes and prepositions:
- Should "ad-" be considered a prefix in Latin, given "ad" is a standalone preposition?
- EncycloPetey: rather not.
- A consequence of denying the status of prefix to "ad-": terms combined from "ad" get classified as compounds.
- In Czech, many things considered to be prefixes have a corresponding preposition: před-, nad-, pod-, v-, od-, etc.
- Should "vlézt" be considered a compound in Czech? My take: no.
- In German, equally, many things considered to be prefixes have a corresponding preposition: auf-, an-, zu-, mit-, vor-, etc.
- Should "aufmachen" be considered a compound in German? My take: no.
English
Prepositions
English prefixes corresponding to prepositions (are they really prefixes or are they rather pseudo-prefixes?):
- under and under-; understand, undergo, underpay
- over and over-; overdo, overcautious, overwork
- out and out-; outsmart, outrun, outcast
- in and in-; intake, inbreed, inbound
- off and off-: offsite, offshoot, offshore
- on and on-: onset, ongoing, onboard, onfield, online, onlooking, onrushing, onscreen
Adverbs
English prefixes (or pseudo-ones) corresponding to adverbs:
- down and down-; downplay, downsize, downregulate
- up and up-; uphold, upstart, uptake, update
- back and back-; backpropagate, backtrack, backhand, backlash
- forth and forth-; forthcoming, forthright, forthwith
Czech
Prepositions
Czech prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
- na and na-
- pod and pod-
- nad and nad-
- do and do-
- v and v-
- při and při-
- mezi and mezi-
- bez and bez-
- za and za-
Czech prefixes not corresponding to prepositions:
Notes:
- The sameness of form alone seems not to guarantee semantic correspondence
- "u" (at, near to) and "u-" (complete the action with an irreversible result, "utopit", "utrhnout").
- Citations missing
German
Prepositions
German prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
Adverbs
German prefixes corresponding to adverbs (correctness unclear; see the notes below):
Are these really prefixes? But also, are these really standalone adverbs rather than things always ocurring as part of a separable verb?
Whether these are prefixes or not, they combine with verbs to create separable verbs, such as "heranziehen" used as "Ich ziehe heran".
Secure prefixes
Prefixes that seem secure from being accused of non-prefixhood:
- be- ("bestellen")
- dar- ("darstellen")
- ent- ("entsprechen")
- er- ("erzeugen")
- un- ("unglaublich")
- wider- ("widerspiegeln")
- zer- ("zerlegen")
Other
Other prefixes or pseudo-prefixes:
Greek
Modern Greek candidate prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
Latin
Prefixes vs prepositions in Latin:
- dis- in "discerno" is a prefix; “discern”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- "ad" in "adverbium", however, is considered a standalone preposition, both by EncycloPetey and Century 1911, as Century 1911 writes "ad" + "verbium" instead of "ad-" + "verbium"; “adverb”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Discussions