jak
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A Tibetan yak in its natural habitat. 
jak
See also: Appendix:Variations of "jak"
English
Noun
jak (plural jaks)
- Alternative form of jack (“the tree Mangifera caesia”)
Related terms
Anagrams
Acehnese
Pronunciation
Verb
jak
References
- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Albanian
Pronunciation
Noun
jak m (plural jakë, definite jaku, definite plural jakët)
Further reading
Czech
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Czech jak, from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).
Adverb
jak
- how
- Jak se máš/máte? ― How are you?
- Jak to jde? ― How's it going?
Conjunction
jak
- as
- jak Petr tak Pavel ― both Peter and Paul
- jak se do lesa volá, tak se z lesa ozývá ― as you call into the forest, you hear from the forest; what goes around comes around
See also
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Noun
jak m anim
- yak (mammal)
Declension
Derived terms
References
- ^ "jak²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
Further reading
- jak in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- jak in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- jak in Internetová jazyková příručka
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Alternative forms
Noun
jak m (plural jaks, diminutive jakje n)
- yak, the ox-like Himalayan bovine, Bos grunniens
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
jak n (plural jakken, diminutive jakje n)
- tight upper body garment
Descendants
- Negerhollands: jakje (from the diminutive)
Garo
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“hand; arm”). Cognate with Narua lak (“hand”).
Noun
jak
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“leaf”).
Noun
jak
Classifier
jak
- used with leaves
Hungarian
Etymology
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation
Noun
jak (plural jakok)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | jak | jakok |
| accusative | jakot | jakokat |
| dative | jaknak | jakoknak |
| instrumental | jakkal | jakokkal |
| causal-final | jakért | jakokért |
| translative | jakká | jakokká |
| terminative | jakig | jakokig |
| essive-formal | jakként | jakokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | jakban | jakokban |
| superessive | jakon | jakokon |
| adessive | jaknál | jakoknál |
| illative | jakba | jakokba |
| sublative | jakra | jakokra |
| allative | jakhoz | jakokhoz |
| elative | jakból | jakokból |
| delative | jakról | jakokról |
| ablative | jaktól | jakoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
jaké | jakoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
jakéi | jakokéi |
| Possessive forms of jak | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | jakom | jakjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | jakod | jakjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | jakja | jakjai |
| 1st person plural | jakunk | jakjaink |
| 2nd person plural | jakotok | jakjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | jakjuk | jakjaik |
Derived terms
Expressions
Kalo Finnish Romani
Noun
jak f (genitive jakkako, nominative plural jakka, genitive plural jakkengo)
Derived terms
Kashubian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).
Pronunciation
Adverb
jak (not comparable)
Conjunction
jak
Further reading
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “jak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi
- “jak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Lashi
Pronunciation
Noun
jak
References
Malay
Adverb
jak
Middle English
Noun
jak
- Alternative form of jakke
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From languages such as English yak, German Jak or French yak, all from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag, “yak”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).
Pronunciation
Noun
jak m (definite singular jaken, indefinite plural jaker, definite plural jakene)
- a yak (an ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane; scientific name Bos grunniens)
References
- “jak” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “jak” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
- “jak” in Store norske leksikon
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.
Pronunciation
Adverb
jak
- Alternative form of jako.
Conjunction
jak
- Alternative form of jako.
Descendants
- Czech: jak
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “jak”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”). First attested in the 15th century.
Pronunciation
Adverb
jak
- adverbal inerogative; how (in what way)
- adverbal relational; as, like (in a similar way)
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 7:
- A thak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wsak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)
- [A tak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wszak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)]
Conjunction
jak
Descendants
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “jak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jak/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈjak/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) Audio 4 (file) - Rhymes: -ak
- Syllabification: jak
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish jak.
Pronoun
jak
- how
- Jak masz na imię? ― What's your name? (informal)
- Jak się masz? ― How are you? (informal)
- Jak to zrobiłeś? ― How did you do that?
Related terms
adverb
pronoun
Conjunction
jak
- as
- Jak widać, jeszcze nie skończyłam. ― As you can see, I haven't finished yet.
- Jego ojciec jest silny jak wół. ― His father is strong as an ox.
- like
- Wyglądasz jak obcokrajowiec. ― You look like a foreigner.
- (colloquial) when; replaces kiedy, gdy
- Jak byłem w lesie, to widziałem niedźwiedzia. ― When I was in the forest, I saw a bear.
- (colloquial) if; replaces jeśli, jeżeli
- Jak będziesz dalej tak robiła, to w końcu cię rzuci. ― If you keep doing that, he'll eventually dump you.
- (colloquial) than; replaces niż
- Typ nie miał więcej jak metr sześćdziesiąt. ― The guy was no taller than five feet three.
- as much as possible, used with a superlative
- Zrobię to jak najszybciej. ― I'll do it as soon as possible.
See also
Etymology 2
Noun
jak m animal
- yak (ox-like mammal)
Declension
Declension of jak
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 375 times in scientific texts, 247 times in news, 343 times in essays, 530 times in fiction, and 756 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2251 times, making it the 18th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
- jak I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jak II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jako, jak, jeko”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JAK I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
- “JAK II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
- “JAK III”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 126
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jakъ.
Pronunciation
Adjective
jȃk (definite jȃkī, comparative jȁčī, Cyrillic spelling ја̑к)
Declension
positive indefinite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jak | jaka | jako | |
| genitive | jaka | jake | jaka | |
| dative | jaku | jakoj | jaku | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
jak jaka |
jaku | jako |
| vocative | jak | jaka | jako | |
| locative | jaku | jakoj | jaku | |
| instrumental | jakim | jakom | jakim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
| genitive | jakih | jakih | jakih | |
| dative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
| accusative | jake | jake | jaka | |
| vocative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
| locative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
| instrumental | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
positive definite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jaki | jaka | jako | |
| genitive | jakog(a) | jake | jakog(a) | |
| dative | jakom(u/e) | jakoj | jakom(u/e) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
jaki jakog(a) |
jaku | jako |
| vocative | jaki | jaka | jako | |
| locative | jakom(e/u) | jakoj | jakom(e/u) | |
| instrumental | jakim | jakom | jakim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
| genitive | jakih | jakih | jakih | |
| dative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
| accusative | jake | jake | jaka | |
| vocative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
| locative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
| instrumental | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
comparative forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jači | jača | jače | |
| genitive | jačeg(a) | jače | jačeg(a) | |
| dative | jačem(u) | jačoj | jačem(u) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
jači jačeg(a) |
jaču | jače |
| vocative | jači | jača | jače | |
| locative | jačem(u) | jačoj | jačem(u) | |
| instrumental | jačim | jačom | jačim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jači | jače | jača | |
| genitive | jačih | jačih | jačih | |
| dative | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | |
| accusative | jače | jače | jača | |
| vocative | jači | jače | jača | |
| locative | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | |
| instrumental | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | |
superlative forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | najjači | najjača | najjače | |
| genitive | najjačeg(a) | najjače | najjačeg(a) | |
| dative | najjačem(u) | najjačoj | najjačem(u) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
najjači najjačeg(a) |
najjaču | najjače |
| vocative | najjači | najjača | najjače | |
| locative | najjačem(u) | najjačoj | najjačem(u) | |
| instrumental | najjačim | najjačom | najjačim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | najjači | najjače | najjača | |
| genitive | najjačih | najjačih | najjačih | |
| dative | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | |
| accusative | najjače | najjače | najjača | |
| vocative | najjači | najjače | najjača | |
| locative | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | |
| instrumental | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | |
Related terms
Further reading
- “jak” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Etymology 2
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation
Noun
jȁk m (Cyrillic spelling ја̏к)
- yak (ox-like mammal)
Declension
Declension of jak
Further reading
- “jak” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Silesian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish jak.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
jak
Adverb
jak
- comparative as
- as (in the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that)
- as well as
- when
- than
- if
Further reading
Slovak
Etymology
Derived from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).
Pronunciation
Noun
jak m anim (genitive singular jaka, nominative plural jaky, genitive plural jakov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension
Declension of jak
Derived terms
Further reading
- “jak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
Etymology
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation
Noun
jȃk m anim
- yak (ox-like mammal)
Inflection
 |
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks. |
| Masculine anim., hard o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | ják | ||
| gen. sing. | jáka | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
ják | jáka | jáki |
| genitive (rodȋlnik) |
jáka | jákov | jákov |
| dative (dajȃlnik) |
jáku | jákoma | jákom |
| accusative (tožȋlnik) |
jáka | jáka | jáke |
| locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
jáku | jákih | jákih |
| instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
jákom | jákoma | jáki |
Further reading
- “jak”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “jak”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Slovincian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).
Pronunciation
Adverb
jak (not comparable)
- (interrogative) how
Conjunction
jak
Further reading
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “jãk”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 379
Swedish
Etymology
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation
Noun
jak c
- a yak, an ox-like mammal
Declension
| Declension of jak | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | jak | jaken | jakar | jakarna |
| Genitive | jaks | jakens | jakars | jakarnas |
Synonyms
Related terms
References
Anagrams
Volapük
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
jak (nominative plural jaks)
Declension
declension of jak