lakka
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Rubus chamaemorus
See also: Lakka
Finnish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Swedish lack, from French lacque. See lacquer.
Noun
lakka
Declension
| Inflection of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| accusative | nom. | lakka | lakat |
| gen. | lakan | ||
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen lakkain rare | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| inessive | lakassa | lakoissa | |
| elative | lakasta | lakoista | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| adessive | lakalla | lakoilla | |
| ablative | lakalta | lakoilta | |
| allative | lakalle | lakoille | |
| essive | lakkana | lakkoina | |
| translative | lakaksi | lakoiksi | |
| abessive | lakatta | lakoitta | |
| instructive | — | lakoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
compounds
- aluslakka
- bitumilakka
- dispersiolakka
- hartsilakka
- hiuslakka
- japaninlakka
- kirjelakka
- korjauslakka
- krappilakka
- kultalakka
- kynsilakka
- lakanpoisto
- lakkabensiini
- lakkakerros
- lakkamaali
- lakkanailon
- lakkapinta
- lakkasinetti
- lakkasivellin
- lakkasprii
- lakkatyö
- mattalakka
- metallilakka
- oksalakka
- polttolakka
- pronssilakka
- puusepänlakka
- selluloosalakka
- sinettilakka
- suojalakka
- venelakka
See also
Further reading
- “1. lakka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
Unknown. Proposed to be a Germanic loan from a descendant of Proto-Germanic *slakaz (“slack, lax”). Compare also Latvian lācene (“cloudberry”).
Noun
lakka
Usage notes
The term is most prevalent in Eastern Finland. It is one of the three names considered standard by Kotus alongside hilla and muurain.
| Dialectal synonyms for muurain (“cloudberry”) (map) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Standard Finnish | hilla | |
| Southern Southwest Finland
(Eteläinen Varsinais-Suomi) |
Angelniemi, Halikko, Kiikala, Kisko, Kuusjoki, Perniö, Pertteli, Sauvo, Suomusjärvi | muurain |
| Muurla | hilla | |
| Northern Southwest Finland
(Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) |
Eurajoki, Hinnerjoki, Honkilahti, Kalanti, Karjala, Kiukainen, Laitila, Lappi, Luvia, Merimasku, Mietoinen, Mynämäki, Pyhämaa, Pyhäranta, Raisio, Rauma, Rusko, Rymättylä, Taivassalo, Vehmaa | muurain |
| Nousiainen | hilla | |
| Southwest Finnish Highlands
(Varsinais-Suomen ylämaa) |
Aura, Koski Tl, Maaria, Marttila, Paattinen, Pöytyä, Somerniemi, Somero, Säkylä, Yläne | muurain |
| Somero | hilla | |
| Western Uusimaa
(Länsi-Uusimaa) |
Lohja, Nummi, Pusula, Pyhäjärvi (Ul), Vihti | muurain |
| Southern Satakunta
(Etelä-Satakunta) |
Huittinen, Kauvatsa, Kokemäki, Loimaa, Metsämaa, Punkalaidun, Vampula | muurain |
| Western Satakunta
(Länsi-Satakunta) |
Ahlainen, Nakkila, Noormarkku, Pomarkku, Pori, Ulvila | muurain |
| Merikarvia | hilla | |
| Northern Satakunta
(Pohjois-Satakunta) |
Honkajoki, Hämeenkyrö, Ikaalinen, Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Karkku, Karvia, Kihniö, Kiikoinen, Lavia, Mouhijärvi, Parkano, Suoniemi, Tyrvää, Viljakkala | muurain |
| Jämijärvi, Parkano | lakka | |
| Suodenniemi | hilla | |
| Northern Tavastia
(Pohjois-Häme) |
Akaa, Eräjärvi, Hattula, Hauho, Juupajoki, Kalvola, Kangasala, Kuhmalahti, Kuorevesi, Kuru, Kylmäkoski, Lempäälä, Luopioinen, Längelmäki, Messukylä, Orivesi, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sahalahti, Sääksmäki, Tampere, Teisko, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Tyrväntö, Urjala, Vanaja, Vesilahti, Viiala, Vilppula, Virrat, Ylöjärvi | muurain |
| Kuorevesi, Längelmäki, Ruovesi, Teisko, Vilppula, Virrat | lakka | |
| Akaa, Hauho, Luopioinen, Längelmäki, Sääksmäki | hilla | |
| Southern Tavastia
(Etelä-Häme) |
Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, Janakkala, Loppi, Nurmijärvi, Renko, Tuusula | muurain |
| Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, Tuusula | hilla | |
| Southeastern Tavastia
(Kaakkois-Häme) |
Asikkala, Askola, Heinola, Hollola, Hämeenkoski, Kärkölä, Lammi, Myrskylä, Mäntsälä, Nastola, Orimattila, Padasjoki, Pukkila | muurain |
| Heinola, Hämeenkoski, Kärkölä, Lammi, Mäntsälä, Orimattila, Padasjoki | hilla | |
| Kymenlaakso |
Anjala, Artjärvi, Elimäki, Gogland (Suursaari), Iitti, Jaala, Kymi, Lapinjärvi, Pyhtää, Sippola, Valkeala, Vehkalahti | muurain |
| Anjala, Artjärvi, Iitti, Pyhtää | hilla | |
| Sippola, Valkeala, Vehkalahti | löttö | |
| Valkeala | lakka | |
| Southern Ostrobothnia
(Etelä-Pohjanmaa) |
Alahärmä, Alavus, Ilmajoki, Isojoki, Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Jurva, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kuortane, Kurikka, Laihia, Lapua, Nurmo, Peräseinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Töysä, Vähäkyrö, Ylihärmä, Ylistaro | muurain |
| Isojoki, Laihia | hilla | |
| Isokyrö | nevamarja | |
| Töysä | lakka | |
| Central Ostrobothnia
(Keski-Pohjanmaa) |
Alavieska, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kannus, Kälviä, Lestijärvi, Lohtaja, Nivala, Rautio, Sievi, Toholampi, Ullava, Ylivieska | lintti |
| Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Kärsämäki, Nivala, Oulainen, Perho, Piippola, Pyhäntä, Reisjärvi, Sievi | lakka | |
| Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Kestilä, Nivala, Piippola, Pulkkila, Pyhäntä, Saloinen | hilla | |
| Alavieska, Halsua, Kaustinen, Kälviä, Kärsämäki, Perho, Veteli | nevamarja | |
| Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Kärsämäki, Nivala, Perho, Piippola, Pyhäntä | muurain | |
| Northern Ostrobothnia
(Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) |
Hailuoto, Haukipudas, Ii, Kempele, Kiiminki, Kuivaniemi, Liminka, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulu, Oulujoki, Oulunsalo, Paavola, Pattijoki, Pudasjärvi, Rantsila, Ranua, Revonlahti, Siikajoki, Temmes, Tyrnävä, Utajärvi, Vihanti, Ylikiiminki | hilla |
| Ii, Liminka, Muhos, Oulujoki, Paavola | lakka | |
| Lapland
(Peräpohjola) |
Inari, Kemi, Kemijärvi, Kittilä, Lyngen (Jyykeä/Yykeä), Nordreisa (Raisi), Pelkosenniemi, Rovaniemi, Salla, Simo, Sodankylä, Tervola, Utsjoki, Vadsø (Vesisaari), Varanger (Varanki) | hilla |
| Westrobothnia
(Länsi-Pohja) |
Alatornio, Enontekiö, Gällivare (Jällivaara), Jukkasjärvi, Kaaresuvanto, Karunki, Kolari, Muonio, Pajala, Pello, Tärendö (Täräntö), Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio | hilla |
| Kainuu |
Hyrynsalmi, Kajaani, Kuhmo, Paltamo, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Vuolijoki | lakka |
| Hyrynsalmi, Kajaani, Kuhmo, Paltamo, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Vaala, Vuolijoki | muurain | |
| Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Puolanka, Suomussalmi, Taivalkoski, Vaala, Vuolijoki | hilla | |
| Northern Central Finland
(Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) |
Hankasalmi, Kannonkoski, Karstula, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Konginkangas, Konnevesi, Kyyjärvi, Laukaa, Multia, Pihtipudas, Pylkönmäki, Saarijärvi, Sumiainen, Uurainen, Viitasaari, Äänekoski | muurain |
| Hankasalmi, Kannonkoski, Karstula, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Konginkangas, Konnevesi, Laukaa, Multia, Pihtipudas, Pylkönmäki, Saarijärvi, Sumiainen, Uurainen, Viitasaari, Äänekoski | lakka | |
| Pihtipudas | hilla | |
| Western Central Finland
(Läntinen Keski-Suomi) |
Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Kortesjärvi, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Soini, Vimpeli, Ähtäri | lakka |
| Vimpeli | nevamarja | |
| Southern Central Finland
(Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) |
Hartola, Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Korpilahti, Koskenpää, Kuhmoinen, Leivonmäki, Luhanka, Muurame, Pertunmaa, Sysmä, Toivakka | lakka |
| Kuhmoinen, Sysmä | hilla | |
| Northern Savonia
(Pohjois-Savo) |
Haukivuori, Heinävesi, Iisalmi, Joroinen, Juankoski, Jäppilä, Kaavi, Kangaslampi, Karttula, Keitele, Kiuruvesi, Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Leppävirta, Maaninka, Muuruvesi, Nilsiä, Pieksämäki, Pielavesi, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Rantasalmi, Rautalampi, Riistavesi, Siilinjärvi, Sonkajärvi, Suonenjoki, Tervo, Tuusniemi, Varpaisjärvi, Vehmersalmi, Vesanto, Vieremä, Virtasalmi | muurain |
| Haukivuori, Heinävesi, Iisalmi, Joroinen, Juankoski, Jäppilä, Kaavi, Karttula, Keitele, Kiuruvesi, Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Leppävirta, Maaninka, Muuruvesi, Nilsiä, Pieksämäki, Pielavesi, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Rantasalmi, Rautalampi, Riistavesi, Siilinjärvi, Sonkajärvi, Suonenjoki, Tervo, Tuusniemi, Varpaisjärvi, Vehmersalmi, Vesanto, Vieremä, Virtasalmi | lakka | |
| Maaninka, Tervo | hilla | |
| Southern Savonia
(Etelä-Savo) |
Anttola, Enonkoski, Juva, Kangasniemi, Kerimäki, Mikkeli, Mäntyharju, Punkaharju, Puumala, Ristiina, Savonranta, Sulkava, Sääminki | lakka |
| Anttola, Enonkoski, Hirvensalmi, Juva, Kangasniemi, Kerimäki, Mikkeli, Mäntyharju, Puumala, Ristiina, Savonranta, Sulkava, Sääminki | muurain | |
| Mäntyharju | löttö | |
| Northern Karelia
(Pohjois-Karjala) |
Eno, Ilomantsi, Joensuu, Juuka, Kesälahti, Kiihtelysvaara, Kitee, Kontiolahti, Korabselki (Korpiselkä), Liperi, Nurmes, Outokumpu/Kuusjärvi, Pielisjärvi, Polvijärvi, Pyhäselkä, Pälkjärvi, Rautavaara, Rääkkylä, Tohmajärvi, Tuupovaara, Valtimo | muurain |
| Eno, Ilomantsi, Joensuu, Juuka, Kesälahti, Kiihtelysvaara, Kitee, Kontiolahti, Korabselki (Korpiselkä), Liperi, Nurmes, Pielisjärvi, Polvijärvi, Pyhäselkä, Pälkjärvi, Rautavaara, Rääkkylä, Tohmajärvi, Tuupovaara, Valtimo | lakka | |
| Korabselki (Korpiselkä), Nurmes | hilla | |
| Central Karelia
(Keski-Karjala) |
Gromovo (Sakkola), Kharlu (Harlu), Khiytola (Hiitola), Kurkijoki, Lumivaara, Melnikovskoye (Räisälä), Otradnoye (Pyhäjärvi (Vpl)), Parikkala, Sevastyanovskoye (Kaukola), Simpele, Sortavala, Sosnovo (Rautu), Uukuniemi, Yakkima (Jaakkima), Zaporozhskoye (Metsäpirtti) | muurain |
| Impilakhtinskoye (Impilahti), Kharlu (Harlu), Khiytola (Hiitola), Kurkijoki, Melnikovskoye (Räisälä), Parikkala, Sevastyanovskoye (Kaukola), Simpele, Sortavala, Sosnovo (Rautu), Yakkima (Jaakkima) | lakka | |
| Gromovo (Sakkola), Otradnoye (Pyhäjärvi (Vpl)), Sosnovo (Rautu), Zaporozhskoye (Metsäpirtti) | löttö | |
| Uukuniemi | hilla | |
| Southern Karelia
(Etelä-Karjala) |
Bolshoy Tyuters (Tytärsaari), Joutseno, Kamennogorsk (Antrea), Kondratyevo (Säkkijärvi), Lappee, Lemi, Lesogorsky (Jääski), Luumäki, Michurinskoye (Valkjärvi), Miehikkälä, Ozyorskoye (Vuoksenranta), Pervomayskoye (Kivennapa), Pionerskoye (Kuolemajärvi), Pobeda (Kanneljärvi), Polyany (Uusikirkko (Vpl)), Pravdino (Muolaa), Primorsk (Koivisto), Rautjärvi, Ruokolahti, Savitaipale, Sovetsky (Johannes), Suomenniemi, Svobodnoye (Kirvu), Taipalsaari, Veshchevo (Heinjoki), Virolahti, Vuoksela, Vyborg (Viipuri), Yashino (Vahviala), Ylämaa, Zelenogorsk (Terijoki), Äyräpää | muurain |
| Joutseno, Kamennogorsk (Antrea), Kondratyevo (Säkkijärvi), Lappee, Lemi, Lesogorsky (Jääski), Luumäki, Michurinskoye (Valkjärvi), Miehikkälä, Ozyorskoye (Vuoksenranta), Pervomayskoye (Kivennapa), Pionerskoye (Kuolemajärvi), Pobeda (Kanneljärvi), Polyany (Uusikirkko (Vpl)), Pravdino (Muolaa), Primorsk (Koivisto), Rautjärvi, Savitaipale, Svobodnoye (Kirvu), Taipalsaari, Veshchevo (Heinjoki), Virolahti, Vuoksela, Vyborg (Viipuri), Yashino (Vahviala), Ylämaa, Äyräpää | löttö | |
| Lappee, Lesogorsky (Jääski), Luumäki, Pervomayskoye (Kivennapa), Rautjärvi, Suomenniemi, Taipalsaari, Veshchevo (Heinjoki), Vuoksela, Vyborg (Viipuri), Ylämaa, Zelenogorsk (Terijoki) | lakka | |
| Pobeda (Kanneljärvi) | hilla | |
| Ingria
(Inkeri) |
Beloostrov (Valkeasaari), Dudergof (Tuutari/Tuuteri), Gubanitsy (Kupanitsa), Kallivere/Kallivieri, Kobrino (Koprina), Koltushi (Keltto), Lembolovo (Lempaala), Martyshkino (Tyrö), Moloskovitsy (Moloskovitsa), Nikuljasy (Miikkulainen), Shundorovo (Hietamäki), Slavyanka (Venjoki), Toksovo (Toksova), Vuoly (Vuole/Vuolee), Yarvosol (Järvisaari) | muurain |
| Lembolovo (Lempaala), Vuoly (Vuole/Vuolee) | löttö | |
| Värmland
(Vermlanti) |
Värmland (Vermlanti) | lakka |
The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities. Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0) | ||
Declension
| Inflection of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| accusative | nom. | lakka | lakat |
| gen. | lakan | ||
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen lakkain rare | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| inessive | lakassa | lakoissa | |
| elative | lakasta | lakoista | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| adessive | lakalla | lakoilla | |
| ablative | lakalta | lakoilta | |
| allative | lakalle | lakoille | |
| essive | lakkana | lakkoina | |
| translative | lakaksi | lakoiksi | |
| abessive | lakatta | lakoitta | |
| instructive | — | lakoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
Further reading
- “2. lakka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 3
From Proto-Finnic *lakka, probably at least partially from Proto-Germanic (compare Old Norse flaki (“wicker fence or barrier”)).
Noun
lakka
Declension
| Inflection of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| accusative | nom. | lakka | lakat |
| gen. | lakan | ||
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen lakkain rare | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| inessive | lakassa | lakoissa | |
| elative | lakasta | lakoista | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| adessive | lakalla | lakoilla | |
| ablative | lakalta | lakoilta | |
| allative | lakalle | lakoille | |
| essive | lakkana | lakkoina | |
| translative | lakaksi | lakoiksi | |
| abessive | lakatta | lakoitta | |
| instructive | — | lakoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
Further reading
- “3. lakka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 4
See etymology section of kyyhkyslakka (“dovecote”); also possibly partially from lakka (etymology 3).
Noun
lakka
Declension
| Inflection of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| accusative | nom. | lakka | lakat |
| gen. | lakan | ||
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen lakkain rare | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| inessive | lakassa | lakoissa | |
| elative | lakasta | lakoista | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| adessive | lakalla | lakoilla | |
| ablative | lakalta | lakoilta | |
| allative | lakalle | lakoille | |
| essive | lakkana | lakkoina | |
| translative | lakaksi | lakoiksi | |
| abessive | lakatta | lakoitta | |
| instructive | — | lakoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
- (dovecote): kyyhkyslakka
Derived terms
compounds
Further reading
- “3. lakka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 5
A shortened form of gammabutyrolaktoni, probably inspired by lakka (etymology 1).
Noun
lakka (slang)
- gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), when used as recreational drug; liquid ecstasy
Declension
| Inflection of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | lakka | lakat | |
| accusative | nom. | lakka | lakat |
| gen. | lakan | ||
| genitive | lakan | lakkojen lakkain rare | |
| partitive | lakkaa | lakkoja | |
| inessive | lakassa | lakoissa | |
| elative | lakasta | lakoista | |
| illative | lakkaan | lakkoihin | |
| adessive | lakalla | lakoilla | |
| ablative | lakalta | lakoilta | |
| allative | lakalle | lakoille | |
| essive | lakkana | lakkoina | |
| translative | lakaksi | lakoiksi | |
| abessive | lakatta | lakoitta | |
| instructive | — | lakoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of lakka (Kotus type 9*A/kala, kk-k gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading
- “4. lakka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Icelandic
Etymology
From lakk (“lacquer, enamel”).
Pronunciation
Verb
lakka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative lakkaði, supine lakkað)
Conjugation
lakka — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að lakka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
lakkað | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
lakkandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég lakka | við lökkum | present (nútíð) |
ég lakki | við lökkum |
| þú lakkar | þið lakkið | þú lakkir | þið lakkið | ||
| hann, hún, það lakkar | þeir, þær, þau lakka | hann, hún, það lakki | þeir, þær, þau lakki | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég lakkaði | við lökkuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég lakkaði | við lökkuðum |
| þú lakkaðir | þið lökkuðuð | þú lakkaðir | þið lökkuðuð | ||
| hann, hún, það lakkaði | þeir, þær, þau lökkuðu | hann, hún, það lakkaði | þeir, þær, þau lökkuðu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
lakka (þú) | lakkið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| lakkaðu | lakkiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að lakkast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
lakkast | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
lakkandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég lakkast | við lökkumst | present (nútíð) |
ég lakkist | við lökkumst |
| þú lakkast | þið lakkist | þú lakkist | þið lakkist | ||
| hann, hún, það lakkast | þeir, þær, þau lakkast | hann, hún, það lakkist | þeir, þær, þau lakkist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég lakkaðist | við lökkuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég lakkaðist | við lökkuðumst |
| þú lakkaðist | þið lökkuðust | þú lakkaðist | þið lökkuðust | ||
| hann, hún, það lakkaðist | þeir, þær, þau lökkuðust | hann, hún, það lakkaðist | þeir, þær, þau lökkuðust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
lakkast (þú) | lakkist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| lakkastu | lakkisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
lakkaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
lakkaður | lökkuð | lakkað | lakkaðir | lakkaðar | lökkuð | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
lakkaðan | lakkaða | lakkað | lakkaða | lakkaðar | lökkuð | |
| dative (þágufall) |
lökkuðum | lakkaðri | lökkuðu | lökkuðum | lökkuðum | lökkuðum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
lakkaðs | lakkaðrar | lakkaðs | lakkaðra | lakkaðra | lakkaðra | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
lakkaði | lakkaða | lakkaða | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
lakkaða | lökkuðu | lakkaða | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
lakkaða | lökkuðu | lakkaða | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
lakkaða | lökkuðu | lakkaða | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | lökkuðu | |
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lakëda, akin to Ingrian lakkia, Ludian laged and Finnish lakea.
Pronunciation
Adjective
lakka
Inflection
| Declension of lakka (type VI/valka, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | lakka | lakkad |
| genitive | lakka | lakkajõ, lakkai |
| partitive | lakkatõ | lakkaitõ, lakkai |
| illative | lakkasõ, lakka | lakkaisõ |
| inessive | lakkaz | lakkaiz |
| elative | lakkassõ | lakkaissõ |
| allative | lakkalõ | lakkailõ |
| adessive | lakkallõ | lakkaillõ |
| ablative | lakkaltõ | lakkailtõ |
| translative | lakkassi | lakkaissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||