lack

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See also: Lack and läck

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English lack, lakke, lak, from Old English *læc (“deficiency, lack, want”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak, from Proto-Germanic *laką, *lakaz (“slackness”), from Proto-Germanic *lakaz (“limp, slack, loose, low”), related to *lak(k)ōną (“to blame, reproach”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Lak (“lack”), Middle Low German lack, lak (“lack”), Dutch lak (“lack, deficiency, calumny”), Icelandic lakur (“lacking”). Related also to Middle Dutch laken (“to blame, lack”).

Eclipsed non-native Middle English carence (“absence, lack”), from Old French carence.

Noun

lack (countable and uncountable, plural lacks)

  1. A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want.
    Antonyms: glut, surplus
    • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :
      […] let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation;
    • 1994, Green Day (lyrics and music), “Basket Case”:
      I went to a shrink, to analyze my dreams. He said it's lack of sex that's bringing me down.
    • 2012 September 7, Phil McNulty, “Moldova 0-5 England”, in BBC Sport:
      If Moldova harboured even the slightest hopes of pulling off a comeback that would have bordered on miraculous given their lack of quality, they were snuffed out 13 minutes before the break when Oxlade-Chamberlain picked his way through midfield before releasing Defoe for a finish that should have been dealt with more convincingly by Namasco at his near post.
    • 2022 January 12, Tom Allett, “Network News: MPs concerned at Treasury's influence on rail industry”, in RAIL, number 948, page 13:
      More flak was aimed at the Treasury's apparent lack of marketing skills, when it was argued that its idea of how to sell tickets was along the lines of "you can get two tickets for the price of two", and it lacks the sales and promotional skills of the train operating companies which are needed to boost revenue.
  2. (obsolete) A defect or failing; moral or spiritual degeneracy.
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English lacken, lakken, laken, from Old English læccian, *lacian (“to blame, criticise, lack”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak(k)ōn (“to blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Germanic *lak(k)ōną (“to reproach, blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Old Frisian lakia, lekia (“to contest, blame”), Middle Low German lacken, laken (“to reproach, blame, criticise”), Middle Dutch laken (“to disapprove, blame, lack”), Dutch laken (“to blame, reproach”).

Verb

lack (third-person singular simple present lacks, present participle lacking, simple past and past participle lacked)

  1. (transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require.
    My life lacks excitement.
    • 2022 January 12, Tom Allett, “Network News: MPs concerned at Treasury's influence on rail industry”, in RAIL, number 948, page 13:
      More flak was aimed at the Treasury's apparent lack of marketing skills, when it was argued that its idea of how to sell tickets was along the lines of "you can get two tickets for the price of two", and it lacks the sales and promotional skills of the train operating companies which are needed to boost revenue.
  2. (intransitive) To be short (of or for something).
    He'll never lack for company while he's got all that money.
  3. (intransitive, obsolete) To be in want.
  4. (obsolete) To see the deficiency in (someone or something); to find fault with, to malign, reproach.
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 3

Noun

lack (plural lacks)

  1. Archaic form of lakh.
    a lack of rupees

Further reading

  • Guus Kroonen (2013) “lak(k)on-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 325

See also

Anagrams

German

Pronunciation

Verb

lack

  1. imperative singular of lacken
  2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of lacken

Swedish

Etymology

From French lacre (“sealing wax”), from Portuguese laca.

Noun

lack n

  1. varnish, lacquer
    • 1980, “Sommarnatt [Summer night]”, in Lars "Dille" Diedricson, Torben Ferm (music), Sommarnatt‎, performed by Snowstorm:
      Rosa lack och kromad list i '59 års modell. Jag öser på för fullt i stan som en 50-talsrebell. Jag sveper över landsvägar, ja, jag sveper genom natten. Och tar det coolt till Clarions sound, med en säker hand på ratten.
      Pink lacquer and chrome trim of model year '59. I go full out / step on it in the city like a 50s rebel. I sweep across roads , yes, I sweep through the night. And take it cool to Clarion's sound, with a steady hand on the wheel.

Declension

Declension of lack
nominative genitive
singular indefinite lack lacks
definite lacket lackets
plural indefinite lacker lackers
definite lackerna lackernas

Derived terms

Adjective

lack (comparative mer lack, superlative mest lack)

  1. (colloquial) angry
    Jag blir lack på honom
    I get angry at him

See also

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia