δίδωμι

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplicated present of *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognates include Latin dō, Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti), Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (d-d-a-tu-u-v /⁠dadātuv⁠/) and Old Armenian տամ (tam).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

δίδωμι • (dídōmi)

  1. to give, present, offer, provide
  2. to grant, allow, permit
  3. (perfect active) to allow; (perfect passive) to be allowed
    • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 182e:
      καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιχειρεῖν ἑλεῖν ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε τῷ ἐραστῇ θαυμαστὰ ἔργα ἐργαζομένῳ ἐπαινεῖσθαι
      kaì pròs tò epikheireîn heleîn exousían ho nómos dédōke tôi erastêi thaumastà érga ergazoménōi epaineîsthai
      • 1925 translation by Harold N. Fowler
        and how in his endeavors for success our law leaves a free hand for performing such admirable acts as may win him praise
    • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 183b:
      καὶ δέδοται ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ἄνευ ὀνείδους πράττειν
      kaì dédotai hupò toû nómou áneu oneídous práttein
      • 1925 translation by Harold N. Fowler
        by free grant of our law he may behave thus without reproach

Inflection

   Present: δῐ́δωμῐ, δῐ́δομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῐ́δωμῐ δῐ́δως δῐ́δωσῐ(ν) δῐ́δοτον δῐ́δοτον δῐ́δομεν δῐ́δοτε δῐδόᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δῐδῶ δῐδῷς δῐδῷ δῐδῶτον δῐδῶτον δῐδῶμεν δῐδῶτε δῐδῶσῐ(ν)
optative δῐδοίην δῐδοίης δῐδοίη δῐδοῖτον,
δῐδοίητον 		δῐδοίτην,
δῐδοιήτην 		δῐδοῖμεν,
δῐδοίημεν 		δῐδοῖτε,
δῐδοίητε 		δῐδοῖεν,
δῐδοίησᾰν
imperative   δῐ́δου δῐδότω δῐ́δοτον δῐδότων   δῐ́δοτε δῐδόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δῐ́δομαι δῐ́δοσαι δῐ́δοται δῐ́δοσθον δῐ́δοσθον δῐδόμεθᾰ δῐ́δοσθε δῐ́δονται
subjunctive δῐδῶμαι δῐδῷ δῐδῶται δῐδῶσθον δῐδῶσθον δῐδώμεθᾰ δῐδῶσθε δῐδῶνται
optative δῐδοίμην δῐδοῖο δῐδοῖτο δῐδοῖσθον δῐδοίσθην δῐδοίμεθᾰ δῐδοῖσθε δῐδοῖντο
imperative   δῐ́δοσο δῐδόσθω δῐ́δοσθον δῐδόσθων   δῐ́δοσθε δῐδόσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δῐδόναι δῐ́δοσθαι
participle m δῐδούς δῐδόμενος
f δῐδοῦσᾰ δῐδομένη
n δῐδόν δῐδόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐδῐ́δουν, ἐδῐδόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐδῐ́δουν ἐδῐ́δους ἐδῐ́δου ἐδῐ́δοτον ἐδῐδότην ἐδῐ́δομεν ἐδῐ́δοτε ἐδῐ́δοσᾰν,
ἐδῐ́δουν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδῐδόμην ἐδῐ́δοσο ἐδῐ́δοτο,
ἐδῐ́δετο 		ἐδῐ́δοσθον ἐδῐδόσθην ἐδῐδόμεθᾰ ἐδῐ́δοσθε ἐδῐ́δοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: δῐ́δουν, δῐδόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῐ́δουν δῐ́δους δῐ́δου δῐ́δοτον δῐδότην δῐ́δομεν δῐ́δοτε δῐ́δοσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative δῐδόμην δῐ́δοσο δῐ́δοτο δῐ́δοσθον δῐδόσθην δῐδόμε(σ)θᾰ δῐ́δοσθε δῐ́δοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: δόσκον, δοσκόμην (Epic iterative)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δόσκον δόσκες δόσκε(ν) δόσκετον δοσκέτην δόσκομεν δόσκετε δόσκον
middle/
passive 		indicative δοσκόμην δόσκου δόσκετο δόσκεσθον δοσκέσθην δοσκόμεθᾰ δόσκεσθε δόσκοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: δώσω, δώσομαι, δοθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δώσω δώσεις δώσει δώσετον δώσετον δώσομεν δώσετε δώσουσῐ(ν)
optative δώσοιμῐ δώσοις δώσοι δώσοιτον δωσοίτην δώσοιμεν δώσοιτε δώσοιεν
middle indicative δώσομαι δώσῃ,
δώσει 		δώσεται δώσεσθον δώσεσθον δωσόμεθᾰ δώσεσθε δώσονται
optative δωσοίμην δώσοιο δώσοιτο δώσοισθον δωσοίσθην δωσοίμεθᾰ δώσοισθε δώσοιντο
passive indicative δοθήσομαι δοθήσῃ δοθήσεται δοθήσεσθον δοθήσεσθον δοθησόμεθᾰ δοθήσεσθε δοθήσονται
optative δοθησοίμην δοθήσοιο δοθήσοιτο δοθήσοισθον δοθησοίσθην δοθησοίμεθᾰ δοθήσοισθε δοθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive δώσειν δώσεσθαι δοθήσεσθαι
participle m δώσων δωσόμενος δοθησόμενος
f δώσουσᾰ δωσομένη δοθησομένη
n δῶσον δωσόμενον δοθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: διδώσω, διδώσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative διδώσω διδώσεις διδώσει διδώσετον διδώσετον διδώσομεν διδώσετε διδώσουσῐ(ν)
optative διδώσοιμῐ διδώσοις διδώσοι διδώσοιτον διδωσοίτην διδώσοιμεν διδώσοιτε διδώσοιεν
middle indicative διδώσομαι διδώσῃ,
διδώσει 		διδώσεται διδώσεσθον διδώσεσθον διδωσόμεθᾰ διδώσεσθε διδώσονται
optative διδωσοίμην διδώσοιο διδώσοιτο διδώσοισθον διδωσοίσθην διδωσοίμεθᾰ διδώσοισθε διδώσοιντο
active middle
infinitive διδώσειν διδώσεσθαι
participle m διδώσων διδωσόμενος
f διδώσουσᾰ διδωσομένη
n διδῶσον διδωσόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδοτον, ἐδόμην, ἐδόθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative       ἔδοτον ἐδότην ἔδομεν ἔδοτε ἔδοσᾰν
subjunctive δῶ δῷς δῷ,
δώῃ,
δοῖ 		δῶτον δῶτον δῶμεν δῶτε δῶσῐ(ν)
optative δοίην δοίης,
δῴης 		δοίη,
δῴη 		δοῖτον,
δοίητον 		δοίτην,
δοιήτην 		δοῖμεν,
δοίημεν 		δοῖτε,
δοίητε 		δοῖεν,
δοίησᾰν
imperative   δός δότω δότον δότων   δότε δόντων
middle indicative ἐδόμην ἔδου ἔδοτο ἔδοσθον ἐδόσθην ἐδόμεθᾰ ἔδοσθε ἔδοντο
subjunctive δῶμαι δῷ δῶται δῶσθον δῶσθον δώμεθᾰ δῶσθε δῶνται
optative δοίμην δοῖο δοῖτο δοῖσθον δοίσθην δοίμεθᾰ δοῖσθε δοῖντο
imperative   δοῦ δόσθω δόσθον δόσθων   δόσθε δόσθων
passive indicative ἐδόθην ἐδόθης ἐδόθη ἐδόθητον ἐδοθήτην ἐδόθημεν ἐδόθητε ἐδόθησᾰν
subjunctive δοθῶ δοθῇς δοθῇ δοθῆτον δοθῆτον δοθῶμεν δοθῆτε δοθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δοθείην δοθείης δοθείη δοθεῖτον,
δοθείητον 		δοθείτην,
δοθειήτην 		δοθεῖμεν,
δοθείημεν 		δοθεῖτε,
δοθείητε 		δοθεῖεν,
δοθείησᾰν
imperative   δόθηθῐ δοθήτω δόθητον δοθήτων   δόθητε δοθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive δοῦναι δόσθαι δοθῆναι
participle m δούς δόμενος δοθείς
f δοῦσᾰ δομένη δοθεῖσᾰ
n δόν δόμενον δοθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδοτον, ἐδόμην, ἐδόθην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative       ἔδοτον ἐδότην ἔδομεν ἔδοτε ἔδοσᾰν
subjunctive δῶ,
δῶμῐ 		δῷς,
δῷσθᾰ 		δώῃ,
δώῃσι,
δῷσι 		δῶτον δῶτον δῶμεν,
δώομεν 		δῶτε δῶσι,
δώωσι
optative δοίην δοίης δοίη δοῖτον δοίτην δοῖμεν δοῖτε δοῖεν
imperative   δός δότω δότον δότων   δότε δόντων
middle indicative ἐδόμην ἔδου ἔδοτο ἔδοσθον ἐδόσθην ἐδόμε(σ)θᾰ ἔδοσθε ἔδοντο
subjunctive δῶμαι δῷ δῶται δῶσθον δῶσθον δώμε(σ)θᾰ δῶσθε δῶνται
optative δοίμην δοῖο δοῖτο δοῖσθον δοίσθην δοίμε(σ)θᾰ δοῖσθε δοίᾰτο
imperative   δοῦ δόσθω δόσθον δόσθων   δόσθε δόσθων
passive indicative ἐδόθην ἐδόθης ἐδόθη ἐδόθητον ἐδοθήτην ἐδόθημεν ἐδόθητε ἐδόθησᾰν
subjunctive δοθῶ δοθῇς δοθῇ δοθῆτον δοθῆτον δοθῶμεν δοθῆτε δοθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δοθείην δοθείης δοθείη δοθεῖτον,
δοθείητον 		δοθείτην,
δοθειήτην 		δοθεῖμεν,
δοθείημεν 		δοθεῖτε,
δοθείητε 		δόθειεν,
δοθείησᾰν
imperative   δόθηθῐ δοθήτω δόθητον δοθήτων   δόθητε δοθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive δόμεν(αι) δόσθαι δοθῆναι
participle m δούς δόμενος δοθείς
f δοῦσᾰ δομένη δοθεῖσᾰ
n δόν δόμενον δοθέν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: δότον, δόμην, δόθην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative       δότον δότην δόμεν δότε δόσᾰν
middle indicative δόμην δοῦ δότο δόσθον δόσθην δόμε(σ)θᾰ δόσθε δόντο
passive indicative δόθην δόθης δόθη δόθητον δοθήτην δόθημεν δόθητε δόθησᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδωκᾰ, ἐδωκᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδωκᾰ ἔδωκᾰς ἔδωκε(ν) ἐδώκᾰτον ἐδωκᾰ́την ἐδώκᾰμεν ἐδώκᾰτε ἔδωκᾰν
middle indicative ἐδωκᾰ́μην ἐδώκω ἐδώκᾰτο ἐδώκᾰσθον ἐδωκᾰ́σθην ἐδωκᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐδώκᾰσθε ἐδώκᾰντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: δῶκᾰ, δωκᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῶκᾰ δῶκᾰς δῶκε(ν) δώκᾰτον δωκᾰ́την δώκᾰμεν δώκᾰτε δῶκᾰν
middle indicative δωκᾰ́μην δώκᾰο δώκᾰτο δώκᾰσθον δωκᾰ́σθην δωκᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ δώκᾰσθε δώκᾰντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: δέδωκᾰ, δέδομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέδωκᾰ δέδωκᾰς δέδωκε(ν) δεδώκᾰτον δεδώκᾰτον δεδώκᾰμεν δεδώκᾰτε δεδώκᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δεδώκω δεδώκῃς δεδώκῃ δεδώκητον δεδώκητον δεδώκωμεν δεδώκητε δεδώκωσῐ(ν)
optative δεδώκοιμῐ,
δεδωκοίην 		δεδώκοις,
δεδωκοίης 		δεδώκοι,
δεδωκοίη 		δεδώκοιτον δεδωκοίτην δεδώκοιμεν δεδώκοιτε δεδώκοιεν
imperative   δέδωκε δεδωκέτω δεδώκετον δεδωκέτων   δεδώκετε δεδωκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δέδομαι δέδοσαι δέδοται δέδοσθον δέδοσθον δεδόμεθᾰ δέδοσθε δέδονται
subjunctive δεδομένος ὦ δεδομένος ᾖς δεδομένος ᾖ δεδομένω ἦτον δεδομένω ἦτον δεδομένοι ὦμεν δεδομένοι ἦτε δεδομένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative δεδομένος εἴην δεδομένος εἴης δεδομένος εἴη δεδομένω εἴητον/εἶτον δεδομένω εἰήτην/εἴτην δεδομένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν δεδομένοι εἴητε/εἶτε δεδομένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   δέδοσο δεδόσθω δέδοσθον δεδόσθων   δέδοσθε δεδόσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεδωκέναι δεδόσθαι
participle m δεδωκώς δεδομένος
f δεδωκυῖᾰ δεδομένη
n δεδωκός δεδομένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐδεδώκειν, ἐδεδόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐδεδώκειν,
ἐδεδώκη 		ἐδεδώκεις,
ἐδεδώκης 		ἐδεδώκει(ν) ἐδεδώκετον ἐδεδωκέτην ἐδεδώκεμεν ἐδεδώκετε ἐδεδώκεσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδεδόμην ἐδέδοσο ἐδέδοτο ἐδέδοσθον ἐδεδόσθην ἐδεδόμεθᾰ ἐδέδοσθε ἐδέδοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δίδωμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 331-2

Further reading
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